Transcript 08_16_12PTFamilies and valence electrons - Alliance Ouchi

Catalyst
• Answer the following questions in your
daily work organizer:
1. On the periodic table, in what order are
the elements arranged?
2. What does periodic table “group” mean?
3. What does periodic table “period” mean?
4. List a metal, a nonmetal, and a
semimetal.
Catalyst: Answers
1. The elements are arranged from smallest
atomic number (# of protons) to largest.
2. A “group” is a column.
3. A “period” is a row.
4. Metal – element on the left of the table
(except H).
Nonmetal – element on the right of the
table or H.
Semimetal – B, Si, As, Ge, Sb, Te
Objectives
• I can locate, compare and contrast alkali
metals, alkaline earth metals and transition
metals.
• I can locate the lanthanide, actinide, and
transuranium elements in the Periodic
Table.
Agenda
• Catalyst
• Notes & Practice: Valence Electrons
• Periodic Table Groups: Coloring, Group
Work and Sharing
• Exit Slip
Guided Notes:
Valence Electrons
Electron Energy Levels
Within the electron cloud, electrons are
arranged in energy levels.
We draw the energy levels as rings around
the nucleus.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Write: periods tell us energy levels
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
3 45678
12
Write: groups tell us # valence electrons
What are valence electrons??
• Valence electrons are electrons on the
outer shell of an atom that are available
for bonding
– Valence Electrons are VERY IMPORTANT,
they determine an element’s reactivity and
general characteristics
Group 1
Group 2
Group 13
Practice!
• Work with the person next to you to
complete # 15 and # 16.
16. Answer the questions below based on the elements in question #15.
(1) Which elements had a filled outermost shell? _____ _____
(2) Which element would be most likely to lose electrons in a chemical bond? _____
(3) Which element would be most likely to gain electrons in a chemical bond? _____
(4) Which elements are not likely to bond with other elements? _____ _____ Why? ________________
Agenda
• Catalyst
• Notes & Practice: Valence Electrons
• Periodic Table Groups: Coloring, Group
Work and Sharing
• Exit Slip
Periodic Table “Families”
(groups)
Materials:
• Periodic table that you colored on
Wednesday
•Textbook pp. 124
•New periodic table groups chart.
Periodic Table “families”
(groups)
• Within the 3 major groupings of elements
(metals, semi-metals, non-metals), there
are more SPECIFIC groups that share
properties.
• The elements share properties because
they have the same number of VALENCE
ELECTRONS.
• Remember:
• VALENCE electrons: electrons that are in
the OUTERMOST shell of an atom. They
are the electrons available for CHEMICAL
BONDING.
Group 1: The Alkali Metals
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Have ONE valence electron.
VERY REACTIVE
Therefore, not found alone in nature.
What are the alkali metals?
– Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
• On your periodic table, use a marker to
outline the Alkali Metals. Make a key to
indicate what color marker represents the
alkali metals.
Group 2: The Alkaline Earth
Metals
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Have TWO valence electrons.
VERY REACTIVE
Usually not alone uncombined in nature.
What are the Alkaline Earth Metals? Be,
Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
• On your periodic table, use a marker to
outline the Alkaline Earth Metals.
Groups 3-12: Transition
metals
• Properties vary.
• Some found alone in nature: Gold,
Silver, Platinum, Copper, etc.
• On your periodic table, use a marker
to outline the transition metals.
Group 17: Halogens
• Have SEVEN valence electrons.
• Most REACTIVE non-metals.
• What are the Halogens? F, Cl, Br, I, At
• On your periodic table, use a marker to
outline the Halogens.
Group 18: The Noble Gases
• Have EIGHT valence electrons.
• They are very NON-REACTIVE (Like to
exist alone).
• What are the Noble Gases? He, Ne, Ar,
Kr, Xe, Rn
• On your periodic table, use a marker to
outline the Noble Gases.
Lanthanides and Actinides
• The lanthanides are actinides are transition
metals.
• They are part of period 6 and 7, however they
are placed below the table so that it fits on
one page.
• Locate the atomic numbers of the lanthanides
and actinides. You will notice that they fill in
the gaps in atomic numbers between Ba & Hf
and Ra & Rf.
• On your periodic table, use a marker to
outline the Lanthanides and actinides.
Transuranium Elements
• These are elements listed after Uranium
(92) on the periodic table.
• Transuranium elements were synthesized
and identified in laboratory experiments
through the use of nuclear accelerators.
• They are not naturally found on earth.
• On your periodic table, use a marker to
outline the transuranium elements.
Group Reading Assignment
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Number off 1 – 5.
Group 1: Nobel Gases (p. 127)
Group 2: Halogens (p. 126-127)
Group 3: Alkali Metals (p. 125)
Group 4: Alkaline Earth Metals (p. 126)
Group 5: Transition Metals (p. 128-129)
You will read about your group elements
and present to the members of the other
groups sitting around you.
Answer these questions in
your chart.
1. What is the group name?
2. What are all of the elements included?
3. Are you part of the metals, semi-metals, or
non-metals?
4. How many valence electrons does each
element possess?
5. Please present two more facts or examples
from the textbook.
• Then share with the people at your table and
take notes on the other element groups.
Agenda
• Catalyst
• Notes & Practice: Valence Electrons
• Periodic Table Groups: Coloring, Group
Work and Sharing
• Exit Slip