Transcript causes_of_WWI

Causes
of WWI
Murder
at
Sarajevo
Sunday morning, June 28th,
1914.
Sarajevo is a little town in
Austria- Hungary
Archduke Franz Ferdinand is
to become the emperor of all
Austria-Hungary.
http://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=hE85
52joxfE
Murder at Sarajevo: 10am
The royal couple
drive to the town hall
in a 4 car motorcade.
A bomb is thrown at
the limousine, but the
Archduke is not hurt.
Both the mayor and
the chief of police
assure the archduke
there will be no more
danger.
Murder at Sarajevo: Minutes Later
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The motorcade moves on to the
governor’s palace.
A 19 year-old, Gavriol Princip, steps
up to the car and fires two shots from
pointblank range.
1st shot hits the archduke in the throat
and the 2nd shot hits his wife Sophia
in the stomach.
Both die on the way to the hospital.
The assassin, Princip, tries to swallow
poison but the poison fails to work.
The police round up Princep and 5
others. They are members of a
Serbian terrorist group known as the
Black Hand.
Murder at Sarajevo: Later that day
A friend of the
assassin sends a
message in code to
the Serbian capital.
It reads, “Excellent
sale of both horses.”
The members of the
Black Hand know
exactly what this
code means. What
they could not know
was the terrible effect
those 2 shots would
have on world history.
Murder at Sarajevo: Predicting
1. How do you think Austria-Hungary will
react to the murder of the archduke who
was to become their emperor?
 2. What action do you think AustriaHungary will take against Serbia and the
Black hand?
 3. How might these actions affect the
countries around Austria-Hungary and
Serbia?
 4. How might people in Canada react?
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Rivals for Colonies
Imperialism = The desire of countries to
build huge world-wide empires by
gaining lands and colonies away from
the homeland. This generated intense
rivalry among European powers
 Colonies source of wealth, power and
glory
 Industrialization was occurring around
the world. European powers were
scrambling to get parts of Africa (Great
Magnificent Cake) for the rubber and
palm oil.
 Britain had the largest empire, including
Canada. France & Russia also had
colonies in various parts of the world.
But by the time Germany wanted to
build an empire, there were few valuable
territories left.
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Military Rivals
Arms Race = The building up of
armies and navies by countries who
wish to have the most powerful armed
forces.
 As nations competed to arm
themselves with powerful weapons,
ships, and forces, fears of the military
might of opposing nations grew. The
arms race escalated other tensions
and ensured that once war began the
struggle would be bloody and cost
many lives.
 Great Britain became concerned
when Germany started building a
huge navy. Britain depended on its
navy to protect its vast empire.
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Dangerous Alliances
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Allies = Countries
bound to support each
other should a war
threaten any one of
them. These alliances
divided Europe into
hostile camps. While
they were formed to
balance power and
ensure insecurity, in
the end they made for
a greater degree of
instability in Europe.
Before World War 1, the
following alliances
existed:
 Russia and Serbia
 Germany and AustriaHungary
 France and Russia
 Britain and France
and Belgium
 Japan and Britain
Dangerous Alliances
Triple Entente
(Allies)
= An alliance
system, whose
partners were
Britain, France,
and Russia.
 Triple Alliance
(Central Powers)
= An alliance
system, whose
partners were
Germany,
Austria-Hungary,
and Italy.
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Crisis in Europe before WWI
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France & Germany were
arguing over Morocco.
1906: International
meeting at Algeciras,
Spain
Spain was to remain
independent but France
could have police there.
France sent an army and
so German responded by
sending a warship
This was known as the
Agadir Affair
Result was Morocco was
made a protectorate of
France and Germany was
given land in the Congo.
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Austria-Hungary & Russia
argued over the Balkans.
Russia wanted to protect
the Slavic peoples and
help them to a seaport
A-H were opposed to
Serbian expansion.
1908 A-H tried to add the
states of Bosnia &
Herzegovina to its territory
1st Balkan War (1912)
where Bulgaria, Serbia,
Greece & Montenegro
defeated Turkey
2nd Balkan War (1913)
where Serbia and Greece
defeated Bulgaria.
Nationalism & Terrorism
Nationalism, a deep loyalty to one’s
homeland, was causing problems
between nations.
 In Serbia, extreme nationalists formed
a terrorist organization called The
Black Hand.
 Serbian Independence Movement =
Many Serbs lived in Bosnia, a
province under Austrian control.
Black Hand Nationalists wanted to
free all Serbs in Bosnia so they could
live united in their own country of
Serbia
 June 28th, 1914, Sarajevo =
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the
Black Hand.
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June 28th, 1914
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Austria-Hungary
blamed Serbia for the
deaths of the archduke
and his wife.
Austria sent Serbia an
ultimatum. If Serbia
did not crush the Black
Hand, Austria
threatened to declare
war. Serbia was
refusing to accept the
ultimatum.
July 26th, 1914
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Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
Serbia asked Russia for help. Russia started to get its
armies ready to help Serbia.
France started to get its armies ready to help Russia.
Germany felt threatened when its two neighbours, Russia
and France, began moving their armies.
August 1st, 1914
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Germany declared war on Russia.
August 2nd, 1914
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Germany declared war on France.
Germany attacked France by going through
Belgium, a neutral country friendly with Britain.
August 4th, 1914
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Britain declared war on Germany because it
had attacked Belgium. Canada, as part of the
British empire, was automatically at was too.
Statistics
World War One included:
 3 Continents
 31 Countries
 65 Million Soldiers
 37 Million Casualties
 91,198 Deaths by Gas
 6,395 Allied and Neutral Ships Lost
 $186.3 Billion Financial Losses
Youtube Clips:
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http://www.youtub
e.com/watch?v=n
7kp3vf1uKA
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http://www.youtub
e.com/watch?v=g
jlGoe1mnw0&feat
ure=related
Brainpop: WWI
Map Activity
Page 47 of YOUR textbook
 Label the map of Europe
 Colour the Triple Alliance one shade
 Colour the Triple Entrente another
shade.
 Leave the neutral countries white
 Make sure you label the major bodies of
water and cities (London, Paris, Berlin,
Vienna, Rome, Moscow)
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Europe 1914-1918
Countries Involved
Central Countries
Allied Countries
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Serbia
Russia
France
Belgium
Great Britain
British Empire
Liberia
Japan
Montenegro
Italy
San Marino
Portugal
Romania
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Greece
China
U.S.
Cuba
Nicaragua
Brazil
Siam
Costa Rica
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Austria-Hungary
 Germany
 Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
 Bulgaria
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Countries that only cut off trade
•Bolivia
•Ecuador
•Peru
•Uruguay
Canadian Battles
Europe after WWI
Europe before/after WWI