Chapter 17

Mixed Method Designs

Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright

©

2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 1

Key Ideas

 Brief history of mixed method research  Notation system for mixed method research  Identifying a mixed method study  Mixed method designs  Strengths and weaknesses of mixed methods  Steps in conducting a mixed method study  Criteria for evaluating a mixed method study Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 2

A Brief History of Mixed Method Research

 Late 1950’s initial interest in mixing various forms of quantitative data collection  1970’s to present expansion of forms to include both quantitative and qualitative data  Mid 1980’s to present question of mixing worldviews and methods Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 3

A Brief History of Mixed Method Research

 Late 1980’s to present rise of interest in procedures  Late 1990’s to present advocacy for distinct mixed method design Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 4

Identifying Mixed Method Research: Questions

 Is the evidence in the title?

 Is there evidence in the data collection section?

 Is there evidence in the purpose section or research questions?

Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 5

Questions for Determining the Types of Mixed Method Design

 What priority or weight does the researcher give to the quantitative and qualitative data collection?

 What is the sequence of collecting quantitative and qualitative data?

 How does the researcher actually analyze the data?

Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 6

Notation System for Mixed Method Study

Study #1 QUAL + QUAN Study #2 QUAN qual Notation Used: + indicates the simultaneous or concurrent collection of quantitative and qualitative data.

Shows sequential collection of quantitative and qualitative data Uppercase letters indicate a priority or increased weight for either quantitative and qualitative data .

Lowercase letters indicate a lower priority or weight for either quantitative or qualitative data

Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 7

Mixed Method Designs: Triangulation Design

 Researcher gives priority to both quantitative (QUAN) and qualitative (QUAL) data  Researcher collects both quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously  Researcher compares the results from quantitative and qualitative analysis to determine if the two data bases yield similar or dissimilar results Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 8

Mixed Method Designs: Explanatory Design

 Researcher places priority on quantitative (QUAN) data collection and analysis  Research collects quantitative data first in the sequence  Researcher uses the qualitative data to refine the results of the quantitative data Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 9

Mixed Method Designs: Exploratory Design

 Research emphasizes qualitative (QUAL) data rather than quantitative (quan) data  Researcher has a sequence to data collection that involves collecting quantitative data followed by qualitative data  Researcher plans on the quantitative data to build on or explain the initial qualitative findings Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 10

Types of Mixed Method Designs

I. Triangulation Mixed Method Design

QUAN Data and Results

+ Interpretation

QUAL Data and Results

II. Explanatory Mixed Method Design

QUAN Data and Results

Follow-up

qual Data and Results

III. Exploratory Mixed Method Design

QUAN Data and Results

Building

Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

quant Data and Results Slide 11

Strengths and Weaknesses of Mixed Method Research

Strengths Weaknesses

 Helps to provide a complete picture of a research problem  It is a means to incorporate qualitative data into a qualitative study  Training is required in both quantitative and qualitative research methods  Greater cost of time and money  Not all audiences are open to mixed method studies Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 12

Key Characteristics of Mixed Method Design

 Researcher justifies why both qualitative and quantitative data are being collected  Both qualitative and quantitative data are collected  Information about the priority being given to qualitative and quantitative data is noted Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 13

Key Characteristics of Mixed Method Design

 Information about the sequencing of the quantitative and qualitative data collection is noted  Analysis of the data is shaped by a particular mixed method design  The study contains a visual picture that portrays the procedures of the design Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 14

Steps in Conducting a Mixed Method Study

 Determine if a mixed method study is feasible  Identify a rationale for mixing methods  Identify a data collection strategy  Develop both quantitative and qualitative questions Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 15

Steps in Conducting a Mixed Method Study

 Collect both quantitative and qualitative data  Analyze data separately or concurrently  Write the report as a one- or two- phase study Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 16

Steps of Conducting a Mixed Methods Study

Identify the data collection strategy and type of design

Step 3

Develop quantitative and qualitative research questions

Step 4 Priority Sequence Visualization

Collect quantitative and quantitative data

Step 5

Analyze data separately or concurrently

Step 6

Identify a Rationale for a Mixed Method Study

Step 2

Determine if a Mixed Method Study is Feasible

Step 1

Write the report as a One- or Two- Phase Study

Step 7

Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 17

Criteria for Evaluating a Mixed Method Study

 Does the study employ at least one quantitative method and one qualitative method?

 Is is called a mixed method (or a similar term) study?

 Is there a rationale for why the author intends to mix the methods in a single study and what will be gained in the process?

Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 18

Criteria for Evaluating a Mixed Method Study

 Does the author indicate the type of mixed method study being presented? Alternatively, can you identify the type from reading the rationale or from a visual figure depicting the flow of the data collection activities?

 Does the author mention the priority given to quantitative and qualitative data and the sequence of their use in the study?

Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 19

Criteria for Evaluating a Mixed Method Study

 Is the study feasible, given the data to be collected given the amount of money, time and expertise required?

 Have research questions been written for both quantitative and qualitative methods in the study?

 Have quantitative and qualitative data collection procedures been clearly identified?

Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 20

Criteria for Evaluating a Mixed Method Study

 Is the procedures for data analysis consistent with the type of mixed method study being presented?

 Is the written structure if the study consistent with the type of mixed method study being presented?

Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 21

Applying What you Have Learned: Mixed Method Study

Review the article and look for the following:  The research problem and use of quantitative research  Use of the literature  The purpose statement and research hypothesis  Types and procedures of data collection  Types and procedures of data analysis and interpretation  The overall report structure Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 22

Chapter 18

Action Research Designs

Educational Research by John W. Creswell. Copyright

©

2002 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Slide 23