Transcript Ch 7 Lifeguarding

Ch 7 Lifeguarding
Breathing Emergencies
Lesson objectives
• Recognize and care for a breathing emergency
• Demonstrate how to safely and effectively
perform rescue breathing.
• Demonstrate how to safely and effectively
care for an obstructed airway.
• Decide what care to provide for a breathing
emergency.
Breathing Emergencies
• A breathing
emergency occurs if a
victim has difficulty
breathing.
• Without oxygen,
hypoxia will result.
• Signs & symptoms of
hypoxia include
increased breathing
and heart rates,
cyanosis (when tissue
does not get enough
oxygen and turn blue.
Breathing Emergencies can be
caused by
• Obstructed airway
(choking)
• Injury to the head,
chest, lungs, or
abdomen
• Emphysema or asthma
• Heart attack
• Coronary heart disease
• Electrocution
• Shock
• Allergic reactions
(food or insects)
• Drowning
• Poisoning
• Drugs
• Emotional distress
Respiratory Distress
• A victim having
difficulty breathing
• Signs & Symptoms
include:
– Slow or rapid breathing
– Unusually deep or shallow
breathing
– Shortness of breath or
noisy breathing
– Dizziness, drowsiness or
light-headedness
– Changes in level of
consciousness
– Increased heart rate
– Chest pain or
–
–
–
–
–
discomfort
Skin that is flushed,
pale, ashen or bluish
Unusually moist or
cool skin
Gasping for breath
Inability to speak in
full sentences
Tingling in the hands
or feet.
Epinephrine Administration
• Anaphylactic shocksevere allergic
reaction. The airway
passages may swell
and restrict
breathing.
• Pp. 103-104 explains
and demonstrates
epi-pen
administrration
Rescue Breathing pp. 104-106
• An initial assessment
will determine the
next course of action
• Perform rescue
breathing for a victim
who has a pulse but is
not breathing.
• Rescue breathing is a
technique for
breathing air into a
victim to give him or
her oxygen needed to
survive.
Rescue Breathing continued…
• Give 1 rescue breath
about every 5 seconds
for an adult.
• Give 1 rescue breath
about every 3 seconds
for a child or infant.
• Continue until…
– Victim begins to breath
on his/her own
– Another trained rescuer
takes over.
– Too exhausted to
continue
– Conditions worsen (CPR)
– Scene becomes unsafe
If a breathing barrier is not
available…do NOT delay care. Use
the mouth-to-mouth technique. Pinch
the victim’s nose shut and seal your
mouth over the victim’s mouth. For
an infant, cover the mouth and the
nose.
Rescue Breathing Special Situations
pp. 109-110
• Suspected head, neck
or back injury (jawthrust maneuver)
• Air in stomach (gastric
distention)
• Vomiting and Drowning
• Victims with dentures
• Mask-to-nose
breathing
• Mask-to-stoma
Airway Obstruction pp. 111-116
• Most common cause of
respiratory emergencies. A
victim whose airway is
blocked can quickly stop
breathing, lose
consciousness and die.
• Common causes of choking
– Poorly chewed food
– Drinking alcohol before or
during meals.
– Eating too fast or
talking/laughing while
eating
– Moving with food in your
mouth (walking, playing,
running)
– Wearing dentures
Airway Obstruction Adult/Child pp. 111-112
• A victim who is
clutching his or her
throat is usually
choking.
• Get consent before
helping a conscious
choking victim.
• Adult and Childperform a combination
of 5 back blows
followed by 5
abdominal thrusts
• Repeat until object is
dislodged, or victim
becomes unconscious
Airway Obstruction Infant pp. 112-113
• Get consent before
helping a conscious
choking victim.
• Infant- perform a
combination of 5 back
blows followed by 5
chest thrusts
• Repeat until object is
dislodged, or victim
becomes unconscious
Airway Obstruction Special Situations
pp. 113-114
• Heavy set
• Obviously pregnant
• perform a combination
of 5 back blows
followed by 5 chest
thrusts
Unconscious Choking-Adult and Child
Steps pp. 113-114
Step 1- Give 2 rescue breaths … if
breaths do not go in, re-tilt head
and try again.
Step 2- If chest clearly does not
rise, give 5 chest thrusts.
Step 3/4- Look inside victim’s mouth.
If object is seen, take it out.
(finger sweep)
Step 5- Give 2 rescue breaths
• Repeat Steps 2-5 if breaths do not
make chest clearly rise.
Unconscious Choking-Infant Steps
pp. 115-116
Same as adult and child
with some
modifications.
-use two-three fingers in
middle of nipple line for
chest thrusts
-use pinky finger to finger
sweep
Review Questions
• Sign & symptoms of respiratory
distress include--• Flushed, pale, ashen or bluish skin
• For a conscious child who is choking,
where do you position your hands to
give abdominal thrusts?
• In the middle of the abdomen just
above the navel.
Review Questions continued…
• A mother comes running towards you
screaming that something is wrong
with her son. After sizing up the scene
and obtaining consent, you perform an
initial assessment and find that the
child is not moving or breathing, but
has a pulse. You perform rescue
breathing at a rate of 1 rescue breath
about once every--• 3 seconds
Review Questions continued…
• A 12-year-old boy at a swim meet
grabs his chest and begins to make
wheezing noises. After you obtain
consent to provide care, his mother
informs you that he has a history of
asthma, but does not have his inhaler
nearby. What care should you provide?
• Summon EMS personnel and place the
victim into a position that helps
breathing.