Chapter 4_3 Types of Societies
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Transcript Chapter 4_3 Types of Societies
Types of Societies
Chapter 4.3
Group:
A set of people who interact on
the basis of shared
expectations and identity
Societies: largest and most
complex
Subsistence strategies
The way society uses
technology to meet the
needs of members
Preindustrial Society
The main source of economic activity is
FOOD PRODUCTION.
Preindustrial societies are divided into
their method of producing food:
Hunting and Gathering
Pastoral Societies
Horticultural Societies
Agricultural Societies
Hunting and Gathering Society
The main form of food production
consists of the collection of wild plants
and hunting of wild animals.
Hunting Gathering Societies
Hunting and gathering societies consists of
fewer than 60 people and rarely exceed 100.
They are called “bands.”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqNgB2Fg1rY
Dawn of Social Networks
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItpHyDrkTM&list=LPRP5IZd1rooQ&feature=plcp
Pastoral Societies
Rather than searching for food on a daily
basis, members in a pastoral society rely on
domesticated herd animals to meet their
food needs.
Pastoral Societies
Division of labor- Because there are food
surpluses, individuals within the group become
specialized at specific economic tasks.
EX- craft workers, producing tools, weapons,
jewelry…
These types of societies still exist, but are facing
change:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWelr7E3jNI
Horticultural Societies
Main source of food is fruits and
vegetables grown in garden plots that
have been cleared from the jungle or
forest.
Horticultural Societies
Slash and burn method to raise crops: wild
vegetation is cut and burned and the ash is
used as fertilizer.
Clip:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvwg56IbWpY
Agricultural Societies
Animals are used to pull plows and till
fields.
Agricultural Societies
Technology allows agriculturalists to
plant more crops than is possible than
when only human labor is used.
Higher crop yields = large populations
Sharp divisions in status – landowners
(wealth and power) and peasants
(workers).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTB2p2I
wB10
Industrial Societies
Emphasis shifts from production of food
to manufactured goods.
Technology and the use of machines
takes place of the farm laborer and those
people work in production of goods.
Industrial Society
Industrial Society leads to urbanization –
concentration of the population in cities.
In preindustrial society the family is the
primary social institution, which provides
production and education.
In industrial society production and
education take place outside the family.
The need for literacy in industrialized
society leads to compulsory education.
Industrialization Continued
One positive effect of
industrialization is it brings
freedom to compete for social
position. (In preindustrial
societies social statuses are
ascribed).
Statuses in industrial society
becomes achieved.
Postindustrial Societies
Economy is based on providing
information and services.
US 73% involved in providing
goods and services, 2%
involved in agriculture, 25% in
the production of goods.
Changes from industrial to
postindustrial societies
Postindustrial society emphasis
on the roles of science and
education.
Standard of living and quality of
life improve as wages increase.
Search for personal fulfillment
takes on added importance.
Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
Durkheim
Preindustrial societies are held together
by mechanical solidarity, people share
the same values and perform the same
tasks, they become united in a common
whole.
As the division of labor become more
complex mechanic solidarity gives way
to organic solidarity (refers to impersonal
social relationships that rises from
increased job specialization).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Vwoih
GP_i8
Gemeinschaft (Tonnies)
German word meaning “community”
Society where most members know one
another.
Activities center on family and
community.
Examples: Preindustrial society or a rural
small town or village.
Gesellschaft (Tonnies)
Refers to society in which most social
relationships are based on NEED rather
than emotion.
Relationships are impersonal and often
temporary.
Individual’s goals are more important
than the group’s.
Modern urban society.
Inside the Amish Church
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wg81
VwdRAVA&feature=related
The Outsider
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmYmJNs
aT-E
Part 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVUQlR7E
MMc
Part 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qihiKszP53
Y
Part 3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Vp5d
ls7p3c&feature=related
The outsiders #6
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VRbrd
L9n3GM&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PcmE
SjcmrzM&feature=related
Amish World's Squarest Teenagers part
1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=
endscreen&v=_NbR36AnpX0&NR=1
Part 12