RICHTER SCALE TIMELINE

FARMERS

TIMELINE

 1917- Conscription crisis  1918- Soldiers of the Soil  1919- Farmers as Returning Veterans  1929- Great Stock Market Crash  1930s- Drought

CONSCRIPTION CRISIS

Ethan Willert

CONSCRIPTION CRISIS

            - Canada was in desperate needs after The Battle of Somme. (few volunteers) - Recruiting in Quebec failed - Conscription was made across the country because Prime Minister found it necessary.

- Conscription was made to force citizens into war if desperately needed.

- Farmers opposed this measure.

- “Farmers sought agricultural exemptions from compulsory service until the end of the war.” -Sales went down -Issued exemption certificates - 6.7 percent of eligible Saskatchewan conscripts defaulted.

-9.3 percent in Ontario.

- 40.8 percent in Quebec.

-and 19.4 percent in Canada as a whole

PRIMARY SOURCE

 Here we see a Canadian farmer signing an exemption certificate.

 Primary source: http://wdm.ca/skteacherguide/W DMResearch/ImpactofWWI.pdf

RANKING

 The ranking I give this is -2. Some farmers sought attention when staying in Canada when the war took place. Also, Canadian farmers lost sales when almost all soldiers went to Europe for WWI.

SOURCES

SOLDIERS OF THE SOIL

Eric Davison

SOLDIERS OF THE SOIL

 Heavy establishment in the Canadian Expeditionary Forces during World War One, there was a shortage of labours for farm work, so the Soldiers of the Soil or S.O.S. were founded on October 14 th 1918. The program actively sought out volunteer male youth work on Canadian farms to assist farmers in achieving greater wartime production of foodstuffs. These boys were paid from $15.00 to $40.00 per month depending on the work that was performed.

PRIMARY SORCES

 This is a photo of one if the boys working on the farms as a child  http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/mb_histor y/17/soldierofthesoil.shtml

RANKING

 +4 because no one was forced into doing the work.  It was positive because it was helping with farming food for the country and sending food to the soldiers over seas

SOURCES

 http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/mb_history/17/soldierofthesoil.sht

ml  http://www.agcanada.com/manitobacooperator/2012/11/15/sol diers-of-the-soil-%E2%80%A8helped-feed-the-front/

RETURNING VETERANS

Merry Ly

RETURNING VETERANS

 Who: Soldiers who returned from the war who were farmers. The farmers were returning veterans. They left World War One when finished and came back to their homes and farms. When farmers were at the war the wife most likely had do the farming for them. A lot of people thought it was a burden during and after the war. What: They came back to their families, home, farm, and their farming job after World War One was over. They felt like they needed to take a huge break when the war was over but couldn’t because of their job position of being a farmer. A lot of the returning veterans that were farmers found it hard to return to normal life as the war was scaring. A lot suffered from shell shock. A lot of people had great fear and some troubles after the war.

 When: It was in year 1919 when the war was finally over and the soldiers that were farmers got to go back to their homes.

RETURNING VETERANS 2

 Where: The soldiers who were farmers returned to their homes and farms after World War One. Once they have came home from World War One the soldiers who were farmers had to immediately proceed to work on their farms as farmers to make money and to have a sustainable life. Why: The main idea for the farmers who were returning veterans was that they should return to their civilian responsibilities which was to return life as farmers farming. How: Once returned from World War One the farmers who were returning veterans needed to push themselves to become farmers farming again and made sure their steady with their well being. In year 1919 returned World War One veterans who wished to farm with loans to purchase land, stock and equipment was provided a Soldiers Settlement Act. All though a lot of people had to close up their farms due to heavy debts and or poor farming conditions.

PRIMARY SOURCE

"Terrible restlessness which possess us like an evil spirit; the indefinite expression of a vague discontent the restlessness of dying men, little children and old soldiers.”

 March 1919, veteran George Pearson wrote this quote for Maclean's Magazine of what returning soldiers experienced.

 This quote is important to farmers that were returning veterans because they had troubles during and after World War One and had so many distraught feelings and they had lived in poor conditions from World War One.

RANKING

 They need sufficiency in Canada after World War One.

 I rank this a 4 because all Canadians wanted Canada to be a good country even after coming back from the war even though they were living in though conditions and it was attempted to be fixed.

 They needed to find good ways to cope with their lives after World War One and Canada wasn’t in good shape. (Wasn’t in good shape of economy or lives.)  I rank this a 5 because Canada was trying to battle the hardships after World War One was over. The hardships of the returning soldiers who were farmers had a rough time with their health and or well being so it affected Canada by not having much food as farmers were hurt.

 They had to plan what to do the rest of their lives after World War One which was to return as farmers.

 I rank this a 3 because some of the returning farmers already have a farm and could just go right back to business on the farm as their jobs but they are still attempting to defeat emotional, and health conditions, heavy debts, poor farming conditions, and even closed farms that might be interfering with farming for Canada. This issue interrupted farmers farming in Canada and this made Canada have less food.

SOURCES

Colyer, Jill et al. Creating Canada: A History 1914-Present. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2010. Print.

Wright, Glenn T. “Veterans Land Act“. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Web. 23 April 2013.

THE STOCK MARKET CRASH OF 1929

Erin Hamilton

DESCRIPTION

 October 4 1929, both Bay and Wall Street were hit with a wave of selling, the Toronto stock exchange recorded approximately $200 million in loses for the day. By the 23 rd , the tension in the markets was reaching a breaking point, and many investors were confused and anxious about the future of the market. On October 24 1929, the day that came to be known as “Black Thursday”, the brokers panicked and began to dump sell orders into the market in order to protect themselves. The market slide began to accelerate. Soon stock prices began to collapse completely. At about 11:00 am the selling reached a peak for about 6 min and the market broke down entirely. Crowds gathered outside the stock exchanges in Toronto, New York, Chicago, Winnipeg, and Montreal. All order broke down, police were called in and the markets kept falling. Ticker Tapes fell far behind and exchanges lost touch with each other due to the shear volume of activity. The bankers, brokers, and politicians claimed that it was a glitch and the economy was still sound, the Dow was down 11℅ at the end of the day. On Monday October 28 1929, Black Monday, more investors left the market and the slide continued, leaving the Dow with a 13℅ loss in value at the end of the day. The disaster of the stock market crash continued on to Tuesday October 29 1929, Black Tuesday, where the Dow lost an additional 12℅ of its value. The volume of the stocks traded on this day set a record that was not broken for nearly 40 years. The market had lost over $30 billion in two days, with $14 billion lost on Black Tuesday alone.

PRIMARY SOURCE

 This shows how big the impact of the stock market crash was and how many people were affected, the effects of the crash were felt world wide and sent both the Canadian and American economies into downward spirals essentially triggering the Great Depression.

 http://business.financialpost.c

om/2011/10/24/the-great-crash of-1929-some-key-dates/

RANKING

 The ranking the I give this event is a -4. The stock market crash meant that people lost their jobs and had little to no money, wheat prices were down and combined with the drought the farmers would be barely able to support themselves and their families. Many of them would have lost money from making investments that were worthless, and the banks seized many homes, farms, and other properties. There were work camps set up by the government which they might have travelled to, sending money back to their family, but it would not have been enough. Many probably relied on government relief which was rather scant, being just enough for a family to scrape by.

SOURCES

 Colyer, Cecillon et al. Creating Canada–A History 1914 to the Present. McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2010. Print.

 Mcleod, Susanna. “Black Tuesday, Collapse of Canada’s Stock Market." Suite 101. N.p. n.d.Web. Thursday April 25 2013.

 Hillmer, Norman. “The Great Crash.” The Canadian Encyclopedia. N.p. n.d. Web. Thursday April 25 2013.

1930S DROUGHT

Maggie Huang

DESCRIPTION

 The previous stock market crash had sent the prairies into poverty and unemployment, the rate was constantly under 10% and then the drought of the 1930s came. Wheat sold for less than the seeds and the drought with its dust lasted over 10 years killing the rich prairie soil. Men were forced to move to cities and search for new jobs because they did not have the income to afford the equipment and land. Dust storms came during spring and summer, when farmers were planting crops. The dust storms would take out the seeds the farmers planted and render the days work useless. The farmers also had an infestation of grasshoppers and weeds. Chickens and turkeys ate the grasshoppers giving the meat and eggs a foul taste and it was impossible to control the infestation. The livestock starved because there was nothing to feed them, and the prices went up from 3.5 cents to 4 cents per animal. Farm incomes dropped 363 million in 1928 to minus 10.7 million in 1931 and agricultural exports fell from 783 million in 1928 to 253 million in 1932. Farmers had to improvise with many new methods like planting new crops like oats, rye, flax, peas and alfalfa that adapted to dry weather

PRIMARY SOURCE

 This primary source is from July 25, 1931, 2 years after the drought started. It was taken along a fence between Cadillac and Kincaid. The soil condition has worsened since the drought started. This source is from the Library and Archives Canada.  This is a picture from the 1930s drought. It shows the damaged soil that is a result from the drought. It is an example of the drought many Canadian farmers living in the prairies experienced during that decade.  This shows a change that made life for Canadian prairie farmers a lot harder. These conditions made it hard for them to grow wheat and killed the previously rich prairie soil. Future crops would also be affected by this drought. The farmers planted different crops that were more accustomed to dry land.  This picture shows the hardships that the 1930s drought brought just two years in. Already soil is eroding away and during July, there are no crops in the fields. Some farmers even moved away due to these conditions. http://www.grainscanada.gc.ca/cgc ccg/history-histoire/timeline historique/1931-1940-eng.htm

RANKING

 -3  I’d rank this event a -3.5. It affected prairie farmers negatively during that time, and afterwards. The drought affected ¼ of Canada’s farmable land. The land eroded and farming became hard due to erosion. Many farms were abandoned or the farmers moved elsewhere. Due to this drought, we could be having shortages of large supplies of surface water and groundwater in future years, and in 10-30 years from now, we will have stress on surface water resources. However, the drought wasn’t 100% negative, due to the drought, PFRA (Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration) was created to help prairie farmers deal with drought, provide financial support to them and technical assistance in building water storage. Infertile land was also bought off by PRFA; PFRA also provided trees to farmers with no charge. Due to this drought, Irrigation projects also started up. So even though the drought was bad for land and farmers, the farmers did get a small benefit in the end and widened the variety of stuff they planted. PRFA Also started.

SOURCES

 “1930s Drought.” CBC News. N.p. August 6, 2004. Web. April 25, 2013.  “Drought.” The Canadian Encyclopedia. N.p. 2010. Web. April 25, 2013.  “1931-1940.” Canadian Grain Commission. N.p. 2012. Web. April 25, 2013