Transcript Awareness-Level Lesson 5 Presentation

Awareness-Level
Lesson 5 Presentation
Hazardous Materials for
First Responders, 3rd Ed.
Definition of Terrorism
• The U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
defines terrorism as:
“The unlawful use of force against persons or
property to intimidate or coerce a government,
the civilian population, or any segment thereof,
in the furtherance of political or social
objectives.”
Awareness Level
5–2
Elements of Terrorism
• Terrorist activities are illegal and involve the
use of force
• Actions intend to intimidate or coerce
• Actions are committed in support of political or
social objectives
Awareness Level
5–3
Domestic Terrorism
• Involves groups or individuals whose activities,
conducted without foreign influence, are
directed at elements of a government or
population
Awareness Level
5–4
International Terrorism
• Involves activities committed by foreign-based
groups or individuals who are either directed by
countries or groups outside a country or whose
activities transcend national boundaries
Awareness Level
5–5
Goals of Terrorism
•
•
•
•
Recognition
Coercion
Intimidation
Provocation
Awareness Level
5–6
Potential Terrorist Targets
• Public assembly
• Telecommunications
occupancies and
locations
• Public buildings
• Mass transit systems
• Places with high
economic
significance
•
•
•
•
facilities
Places with historical
or symbolic
significance
Military installations
Airports
Industrial facilities
Awareness Level
5–7
Categories of Terrorist Incidents
•
•
•
•
•
Biological
Nuclear
Incendiary
Chemical
Explosive
Awareness Level
5–8
Weapon of Mass Destruction
• According to the U.S. Government a weapon of
mass destruction is any weapon or device that
is intended or has the capability to cause death
or serious bodily injury to a significant number
of people through the release, dissemination, or
impact of one of the following means:
– Toxic or poisonous chemicals or their precursors
– A disease organism
– Radiation or radioactivity
Awareness Level
5–9
Biological Terrorism
• The CDC defines biological terrorism as an
intentional release of viruses, bacteria, or their
toxins for the purpose of harming or killing
citizens.
Awareness Level
5–10
Types of Biological Agents
•
•
•
•
Viral agents
Bacterial agents
Rickettsias
Biological toxins
Awareness Level
5–11
Biological Attack Indicators
• Unusual numbers of sick or dying people or
animals
• Unscheduled and unusual spray being
disseminated
• Abandoned spray devices
(1 of 2)
Awareness Level
5–12
Biological Attack Indicators
• Evidence of terrorist activity may be visible at
the incident, OR
• Terrorist activity may not be obviously evident
(2 of 2)
Awareness Level
5–13
Chemical vs. Biological Incidents
• Chemical incident
– Symptoms are noticeable either within minutes or
hours
– May have a unique odor and color
• Biological incident
– Symptoms may take days or even weeks to
appear
– No odor or color
– May spread beyond the initial contamination
Awareness Level
5–14
Chemical Terrorism
• Chemical attack — The deliberate release of a
toxic gas, liquid or solid that can poison people
and the environment
Awareness Level
5–15
Chemical Warfare Agents
• Chemical substances that are intended for use
in warfare or terrorist activities to kill, seriously
injure, or seriously incapacitate people through
their physiological effects
Awareness Level
5–16
Toxic Industrial Materials
• Particularly poisonous hazardous materials that
are normally used for industrial purposes, but
could be used by terrorists to deliberately kill,
injure or incapacitate people
Awareness Level
5–17
Chemical Incident Indicators
•
•
•
•
•
Dead animals/birds/fish
Lack of insect life
Unexplained odors
Pattern of casualties
Blisters/rashes
(1 of 3)
Awareness Level
5–18
Chemical Incident Indicators
•
•
•
•
Illness in confined area
Unusual liquid droplets
Different looking areas
Low-lying clouds
(2 of 3)
Awareness Level
5–19
Chemical Incident Indicators
• Unusual metal debris
• Unusual numbers of dying or sick people (mass
casualties)
(3 of 3)
Awareness Level
5–20
SLUDGEM
• The acronym SLUDGEM is used to remember
health problems:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Salivation (drooling)
Lacrimation (tearing)
Urination
Defecation
Gastrointestinal upset/aggravation (cramping)
Emesis (vomiting)
Miosis (pinpointed pupils) or Muscular
twitching/spasms
Awareness Level
5–21
Criminal and Terrorist
Incident Response
• Essentially the same as other haz mat incidents
• Law enforcement
– Must be notified
– Must be included
• Use predetermined procedures
– Summon help
– Communicate with media and public
Awareness Level
5–22
Basic Principles of Response
• Incident priorities
– Life safety
– Incident stabilization
– Protection of property and the environment
• Establish an incident command or management
system
• Call for additional help
Awareness Level
5–23
Additional Actions at
Terrorist or Criminal Incidents
•
•
•
•
Notify authorities
Preserve crime scene evidence
Isolate exposed people and animals
Secure the scene
(1 of 2)
Awareness Level
5–24
Additional Actions at
Terrorist or Criminal Incidents
• Take precautions against the possibility of
secondary devices
• Exercise caution concerning other potential
hazards associated with terrorist and criminal
activities
(2 of 2)
Awareness Level
5–25
Awareness Actions at
Criminal or Terrorist Incidents
• Protect yourself and other first responders
• Report the suspicion to the appropriate
authorities and document your initial
observation
• Isolate people or animals that may have been
exposed
• Avoid actions that may disturb potential
evidence
(1 of 2)
Awareness Level
5–26
Awareness Actions at
Criminal or Terrorist Incidents
• Do not touch any item that may indicate a
criminal or terrorist activity and be aware of the
potential for secondary devices
• Set up control zones
• Take steps to prevent secondary contamination
(2 of 2)
Awareness Level
5–27
WARNING
First responders must know their
limitations at criminal and terrorist
incidents. Incidents, such as those
involving meth labs, require training
above Awareness Level.
Awareness Level
5–28
Guidelines for
Preserving Evidence
• Do not touch anything unless it is necessary
• Avoid disturbing areas not directly involved in
rescue activities
• Remember what the scene looked like upon
first arrival
• Document observations as quickly as possible
• Take photographs and videos of the scene as
soon as possible
(1 of 3)
Awareness Level
5–29
Guidelines for
Preserving Evidence
• Remember and document when something
was touched or moved
• Minimize the number of people working in the
area, if possible
• Leave fatalities and their surroundings
undisturbed
• Identify witnesses, victims, and the presence of
evidence
(2 of 3)
Awareness Level
5–30
Guidelines for
Preserving Evidence
• Preserve potentially transient physical evidence
• Follow departmental procedures for
establishing chain of custody, documentation,
and security measures to store crime scene
evidence
(3 of 3)
Awareness Level
5–31
Summary
• First responders must be prepared to respond
to incidents that may involve criminal or terrorist
activity. These incidents pose an additional
danger to responders that must be taken into
account.
• Terrorism can be domestic or international and
uses actions that involve force. Potential
terrorist targets include those that are highly
visible and are public places.
(1 of 3)
Awareness Level
5–32
Summary
• Categories of terrorist incidents include
biological, nuclear, incendiary, chemical, and
explosive. The term weapon of mass
destruction is often used in connection with
potential terrorism incidents.
• Biological and chemical terrorism both have
unique characteristics and indicators. Knowing
these characteristics and indicators are
important.
(2 of 3)
Awareness Level
5–33
Summary
• When responding to an incident involving
criminal or terrorist activity first responders
must take additional actions. Other agencies
must be involved and precautions regarding
safety taken.
• The preservation of evidence is important at
crime scenes and first responders must be
aware of and follow guidelines for preserving
evidence.
(3 of 3)
Awareness Level
5–34
Awareness-Level
Lesson 5 Presentation
Hazardous Materials for
First Responders, 3rd Ed.