Transcript Separating Mixtures

Separation of Mixtures
1
1
Mixtures
Many mixtures contain useful substances
 Examples of mixtures include air, sea
water, water in reservoirs and crude oil
 Different types of methods are used to
separate mixtures

2
5 Common Separation Methods:





Magnetic attraction
Filtration
Evaporation
Distillation
Paper chromatography
Physical methods
3
Magnetic Attraction


Can be used to separate
magnetic materials from
those that are not
attracted by magnets
Used in food processing
and salvaging scrap iron
and steel
4
What is Filtration?

Used to
separate an
insoluble solid
from a solidliquid mixture
residue
filtrate
5
Uses of Filtration
Vacuum cleaners
 Coffee makers
 Water treatment

filter paper
Filter jugs are used to
prepare fresh coffee.
6
Evaporation

Used to separate a dissolved solid from a
solid-liquid mixture
mixture
residue
7
Uses of Evaporation

To obtain salt from
sea water
8
Distillation

Used to
separate a
pure liquid from
a solid-liquid or
liquid-liquid
mixture
mixture
distillate
9
Uses of
Distillation
To make
perfumes
 Desalination
plant
 To make
distilled water
(pure H2O)

10
Fractional Distillation


Used to separate more than two liquids
in a mixture of miscible liquids
Oil refineries use fractional distillation to
separate crude oil into useful product
such as petrol, diesel and kerosene
11
Paper Chromatography




Used to separate small amounts of
mixtures
Uses a stationary phase (such as filter
paper) and a mobile phase (such as water)
Makes use of the fact that different
substances dissolve to different extent in a
mixture
Used to separate mixtures of pigments
found in inks
12
Paper chromatography is used to identify the
contents of a mixture or to test the purity of a liquid.
Different
substances in the
mixture are
separated on the
chromatography
paper.
13
Uses of Paper Chromatography
To find the dyes
used in ink
 To find the dyes
used in food

14
Other Separation Methods


Manual Separation – physically separate parts of a
mixture using your fingers
 Used to separate the red M&Ms from the rest of
the M&Ms
Sifting – use a sieve or sifter to separate larger
solids from smaller ones
 Used to sift flour in order to separate the larger
particles from the smaller ones
15
Other Separation Methods (cont.)

Decanting – pouring off a less dense top
liquid layer

Used to separate oil & water
16