Transcript 13-5 Cycles
Section 13-5 “Cycles” Write everything that is underlined 13.5 Cycling of Matter KEY CONCEPT: Matter cycles in and out of an ecosystem. 13.5 Cycling of Matter I. The Water Cycle 1. The hydrologic, or water cycle is the circular pathway of water on Earth. precipitation condensation transpiration evaporation surface runoff lake groundwater water storage in ocean 13.5 Cycling of Matter 2. Key terms for the water cycle: a. Precipitation: moisture that falls to the ground (rain, snow, sleet, hail) b. Evaporation: changing from liquid to gas (water to water vapor) c. Transpiration: plants give off water vapor from their leaves to the air d. Condensation: changing from gas to a liquid (little water droplets form on the outside of a cold glass of lemonade - that’s condensation) 13.5 Cycling of Matter II. Oxygen Cycle: 1. Plants make food by photosynthesis –They use carbon dioxide (CO2) to make oxygen (O2) 2. Animals breathe out carbon by respiration –They use oxygen (O2) and breathe out carbon dioxide (CO2) –By the way … humans are animals too 13.5 Cycling of Matter Example: Oxygen Cycle: oxygen photosynthesis respiration carbon dioxide 13.5 Cycling of Matter Activity • Draw, label, color, and explain the water cycle and oxygen cycles on a sheet of paper. • Page 413 figure 13.12 & 13.13 • Due tomorrow 13.5 Cycling of Matter III. Carbon Cycle 1. Carbon is the building block of life. a. The carbon cycle moves carbon from the atmosphere, through the food web, and returns to the atmosphere. b. Carbon is emitted by the burning of fossil fuels (like oil, gasoline, and coal) 13.5 Cycling of Matter Carbon Cycle: notice photosynthesis and respiration are back … they both involve CO2 (now we’re looking at the C for carbon) carbon dioxide in air combustion respiration photosynthesis respiration decomposition of organisms fossil fuels photosynthesis carbon dioxide dissolved in water 13.5 Cycling of Matter IV. The Nitrogen Cycle 1. The nitrogen cycle mostly takes place underground. 2. Some bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia through a process called nitrogen fixation. – Some nitrogenfixing bacteria live in nodules on the roots of plants; others live freely in the soil. nitrogen in atmosphere animals plant nitrates nitrogen-fixing bacteria in decomposers nitrifying roots bacteria ammonification nitrites nitrogen-fixing ammonium bacteria in soil nitrifying denitrifying bacteria bacteria 13.5 Cycling of Matter 3. Ammonia released into the soil is transformed into ammonium. 4. Nitrifying bacteria change the ammonium into nitrate. – Nitrogen moves through the food web and returns to the soil during decomposition. nitrogen in atmosphere animals plant nitrogen-fixing bacteria in decomposers roots ammonification nitrogen-fixing ammonium bacteria in soil nitrifying bacteria nitrates nitrifying bacteria nitrites denitrifying bacteria 13.5 Cycling of Matter V. Phosphate Cycle 1. Phosphate is released by the weathering of rocks. Phosphorus leaches into groundwater from the soil and is locked in plants sediments. b. Both mining and agriculture add phosphorus into the environment. a. rain geologic uplifting weathering of phosphate from rocks runoff animalsphosphate phosphate in solution in soil leaching decomposers sedimentation forms new rocks 13.5 Cycling of Matter Activity • Draw, label, color, and explain the Carbon and Nitrogen cycles on a sheet of paper. • Page 414-115 figure 13.14 & 13.15 • Due tomorrow 13.5 Cycling of Matter Review Questions 13.5 Cycling of Matter 1. What is the key concept of this unit? 2. Define the key terms for the water cycle. 3. What do plants take in and then give out. What do animals take in and give out? 4. How does the carbon cycle move carbon? 5. Where is carbon emitted? 6. Where does the nitrogen cycle take place 7. What are phosphates released by?