Henretta • Brody • Dumenil

America’s History

Sixth Edition CHAPTER 4

Growth and Crisis in Colonial Society, 1720-1765

Copyright © 2010 by Bedford/St. Martin’s and Mr. Ellington, Ruben S. Ayala High School

Ch. 3: Growth and Crisis in Colonial Society, 1720-65 1. Freehold Society in New England

A. Farm Families: Women an the Rural Household Economy B. Farm Prosperity: Inheritance C. The Crisis of Freehold Society

2. The Middle Atlantic: Toward a New Society, 1720-1765

A. Economic Growth and Social Inequality B. Cultural Diversity C. Religious Identity and Political Conflict

3. The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, 1740-1765

A. The Enlightenment in America B. American Pietism and the Great Awakening C. Religious Upheaval in the North D. Social and Religious Conflict in the South

4. Midcentury Challenge: War, Trade, & Social Conflict, 1750-1765

A. The French and Indian War Becomes a War for Empire B. The Great War for Empire C. British Industrial Growth and the Consumer Revolution D. The Struggle for Land in the East E. Western Uprisings and the Regulator Movements

Part 1: Freehold Society in New England 1A: Farm Families: Women and The Rural Household Economy

• Puritan women were subordinate to their husbands • Women had a dual of role of being a helpmate and rearing kids, usually 6-7

Part 1: Freehold Society in New England 1B: Farm Property: Inheritance

• Men strived to own enough property to provide an adequate inheritance for the children • Inheritance led to the power to arrange marriages • Women gave up their property when (re)married • Whole towns of independent property owners emerged in New England

Part 1: Freehold Society in New England 1C: The Crisis of Freehold Society

• High birthrates brought an inheritance crisis and ended arranged marriages • Smaller families and more efficient farming partially offset the land crisis • Community exchange preserved freehold system

Part 2: The Middle Atlantic: Toward a New Society 2A: Economic Growth and Social Inequality, 1720-65

• The Mid-Atlantic colonies grew quickly and became diverse • ½ of all white farmers in the mid-Atlantic were landless by 1760 • By the 1760s, many towns were crowded and divided

Part 2: The Middle Atlantic: Toward a New Society 2B: Cultural Diversity

• Quakers, Germans, and Scots all settled in the Pennsylvanian and surrounding areas • Most Ethnic groups resisted assimilation and held on to their culture and language

Estimated European Migration to the British Mainland Colonies, 1700-1780

Part 2: The Middle Atlantic: Toward a New Society 2C: Religious Identity and Political Conflict

• Strict marriage rules kept Quaker society intact • Quaker tolerance and pacifism came under attack as they became a minority in PA • Diversity in the mid-Atlantic caused ongoing tension

Part 3: The Enlightenment and Great Awakening 3A: The Enlightenment in America

• Reason replaced folk wisdom in the early 1700s • Enlightenment ideas appealed to educated and affluent people, like Ben Franklin • Deists viewed God as a “watchmaker”

Part 3: The Enlightenment and Great Awakening 3B: American Pietism and the Great Awakening

• Pietism stressed righteous behavior and appealed to the masses • Edwards began a revival with his strong preaching • Whitefield led huge camp meetings sparking First Great Awakening

Part 3: The Enlightenment and Great Awakening 3C: Religious Upheaval in the North

• The Great Awakening was the first broad social movement in American history • It split many “Old Light” churches and propelled the growth of newer denominations • New colleges and a new sense of religious independence came about

Part 3: The Enlightenment and Great Awakening 3D: Social and Religious Conflict in the South

• Presbyterians and Baptists spread in the South • Baptists became popular with small farmers and preached Christianity to slaves also • Power of planters and role of women not changed

Part 4: Mid-Century Challenge: War, Trade and Social Conflict, 1750-1765 4A: The Fr. & Indian War Becomes a War for Empire

• France and England both claimed western lands • Colonial and British rejection of Franklin’s Albany Plan showed growing differences • A Virginia militia led by Washington attacked a French fort the Ohio area leading to war

Part 4: Mid-Century Challenge: War, Trade, and Social Conflict, 1750-1765 4B: The Great War for Empire

• The French & Indian War merges starts a worldwide war for empire, The Seven Years’ War • France lost all its North American colonies • The Proclamation of 1763 was issued after Pontiac’s rebellion, greatly angering the colonists

Part 4: Mid-Century Challenge: War, Trade, and Social Conflict, 1750-1765 4C: British Industrial Growth and the Consumer Revolution

• Trade and industrialization made England powerful • The middle colonies became world’s bread basket • Transatlantic trade raised colonial living standards but also left Americans in debt and dependant

Part 4: Mid-Century Challenge: War, Trade, and Social Conflict, 1750-1765 4D: The Struggle of Land in the East

Part 4: Mid-Century Challenge: War, Trade, and Social Conflict, 1750-1765 4E: Western Uprisings and Regulator Movements

• Westward expansion and economic difficulties sparked disputes over Indian policy, political representation, debts • Paxton Boys massacred 20 Indians • Regulator groups used force to protect farmers from foreclosure and demand political changes