Latino – counseling
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Transcript Latino – counseling
Latina/Latino Culture
By: Kevin Floress
Overview
The Latino Population
Difficulties for Latinos
Latinos Underrepresented/served
Culture & Counseling Implications
Activity
The Latino Population:
“Latino” vs. “Hispanic”
HISPANIC derives from the mostly
white Iberian Peninsula that includes
Spain and Portugal
LATINO derives from the indigenous
people of the Americas (Mexico,
Central America, and South
America).
“Latino” not included in U.S. Census
Bureau until 2000!
Now - “Hispanic or Latino of any
race.”
The Latino Population:
“Latino” vs. “Hispanic”
One study: 1200 registered voters
Older and liberal prefer Latino
Assimilated, conservative, young prefer
Hispanic
Hispanic and Latino, often used interchangeably. While
some resent the interchangeable use of the terms,
together, they represent a diverse group of individuals
who share many things in common such as language,
religion, and customs.
Insert country name: _______American
No definitive answer = preference!
The Latino Population:
Fastest Growing Population
In 1990 Latino population = 22.4 million
In 2000 Latino population = 35.3 million
= increase of nearly 58% in 10 years!!!
Total U.S. population (2000) = 281.4 million
35.3 million Latinos represent 12.5% of
population
= For first time, Latinos represent largest
minority group in U.S.
The Latino Population:
Fastest Growing Population
According to American Community Survey by
U.S. Census Bureau:
2004 Latino population = 40.5million;
representing 14.2% of U.S. population
(nearly 2% increase in only 4 years!)
Projection: By the year 2050, 1 of 4 American
residents will be of Latino descent!!
The Latino Population:
Diverse group
More than 20 different countries
Varying socio-cultural backgrounds
Several different Spanish dialects
72% 1st generation Latinos speak
Spanish
78% 3rd generation older speak English
as primary
= Don’t assume b/c client has Latino
sounding surname they speak Spanish!
The Latino Population:
Diverse group
58.5% Mexico
9.6% Puerto Rico
4.8% Central America
3.8% South America
3.5% Cuba
2.2% Dominican Republic
.3% Spain
Remaining 17.3% = “all other”
The Latino Population:
Where are Latinos in U.S.?
75% in South and
Western U.S.
15% in Midwest
9% in Northeast
77% of population in
just 7 states: CA,
TX, NY, FL, IL, AZ,
NJ
The Latino Population:
Where are Latinos in U.S.?
California = highest population (11
million)
Texas = 2nd highest (6.7 million)
New Mexico = highest proportion
(42% of residents)
Overview:
The Latino Population
Difficulties for Latinos
Latinos Underrepresented/served
Culture & Counseling Implications
Activity
Difficulties for Latinos
U.S. attributes for individual success
Power inequities
Racial profiling
Difficulties for Latinos:
U.S. Attributes for Individual Success:
“Self-Determination” + “Hard Work” = Success
“Lazy”+ “Incompetent” = Not Successful
Reality = Unequal opportunities based
on gender, race-skin color, national
origin, 1st language, socioeconomic
class, age, sexual orientation, etc……
Difficulties for Latinos:
Power Inequities
Unequal distribution of political, economic, social,
symbolic power in U.S.
Unequal distribution of opportunities among
varying ethnic & cultural groups.
Alienation
(Torres, 2004)
Difficulties for Latinos:
Power Inequities
Furthermore, Latinas (Latino women),
earn only 52% of equally educated
white males in FT, permanent
positions.
Still far below the 72% Caucasian
females earn.
(Torres, 2004)
Difficulties for Latinos:
Racial Profiling
Latinos not race; however, profiling exists
According to Aguirre, author of “Profiling
Mexican American Identity:”
During traffic stops, Latinos motorists 11%
probability of vehicle search; Caucasians 5%
Latinos 8% probability of physical search; Caucasians
4%
Latinos more likely to be victims of police physical
violence
Overview
The Latino Population
Difficulties for Latinos
Latinos
Underrepresented/served
Culture & Counseling Implications
Activity
Latinos Underrepresented &
Underserved
Education
Popular Media
Political Domain
Business World
Latinos Underrepresented:
Education
Latinos most undereducated population in
U.S.
In 2001, Latino immigrant HS dropout rate
= 44.2%
(7.4 % for all others combined)
First generation dropout rate 14.6%
Around 15% for later generations
(Mehring, 2005)
Latinos Underrepresented:
Education
% of Latino population graduating from
college alarmingly low!
Reasons for dropouts =
language barriers + attending lower
quality inner city schools
Need to create more English language
programs that don’t interfere w/ reg.
class
(Mehring, 2005)
Latinos Underrepresented:
Popular Media
Latinos over 12.5% of U.S. population
Latinos represent only 1-3% of
primetime television actors/actresses
Portrayed narrowly and often
negatively:
- Criminals, law enforcers, Latin lovers,
harlots or prostitutes, or comic relief.
(Mastrow & Morawitz, 2005)
Latinos Underrepresented:
Political Domain
As of 2005, very few Latino politicians
While mayor of Los Angeles and
governor of New Mexico are both
Latino, the total number of Latino
politicians can be counted w/2 hands
with fingers to spare.
(Roncevic, 2005)
Latinos Underrepresented:
Business World
Very few Latinos in professional
business sector.
Few small business owners, fewer
heads of major corps.
Correlation with lack of education
Extremely important! As Latino
success becomes increasingly
important for U.S. economic success.
Overview
The Latino Population
Difficulties for Latinos
Latinos Underrepresented/served
Culture & Counseling
Implications
Activity
Traditional Latino Culture and
Implications for Counseling
Traditional beliefs
Familismo
Personalismo
Gender Roles
Trad’l Latino Culture & Counseling:
7 Traditional Latino beliefs (text book, p.174)
1. Strict/separate roles for male-female
2. Strong family/community identity
3. Past/present time orientation vs.
future
4. Value elderly over youth
5. Value traditions & rituals
6. Respect authority
7. Value spirituality
Trad’l Latino Culture & Counseling:
Familismo?
Faithfulness, loyalty reciprocity, and
unity within immediate and extended
family
Family needs greater than individuals!
Varies greatly from dominant culture
where autonomy is highly valued!
Trad’l Latino Culture & Counseling:
Familismo impact on counseling
What are possible implications for counseling?
Decision making can be difficult
(may need family involvement)
Ask client preferred communication (designated family
member?)
Multiple people may come to the counseling session
May affect limits of confidentiality & change interventions
e.g. need to collaborate w/family members prior to treatment decisions
Perhaps enroll family member assistance in intervention
plans
Trad’l Latino Culture & Counseling:
Personalismo?
Intimate, personal, respectful
relationships
Interactions should be warm, friendly,
and personal
Interpersonal relationships more
highly valued than task achievement
Trad’l Latino Culture & Counseling:
Personalismo impact on counseling
What are possible implications for counseling?
Spend increased time/effort in initial stages: Building
rapport & Therapeutic alliance
Rogerian skills: Display empathy, warmth, attentive
listening, genuineness, etc.
Possibly increase self disclosures so client sees
personal side
trust & compliance
greater likelihood of positive counseling outcome
Would you accept personal invitation from Latino
client?
Trad’l Latino Culture & Counseling:
Gender Roles - Male
Machismo – promotion of traditional male/female roles
Males (possible pros/cons)
Stereotypical Pros: work hard, protect, make important
decisions, and provide financially for family
Stereotypical Cons: Heavy drinking (manly to “hold you
liquor”), risk taking, highly authoritarian, physical
violence
Trad’l Latino Culture & Counseling:
Gender Role – Female
Woman’s status correlate
w/ability to bear children
Taking care of the family
Good wife cooks, cleans, and
takes care of children
Stands behind husband’s
decisions
Trad’l Latino Culture & Counseling:
Gender Role impact in counseling
What are possible implications for counseling?
Recognize client’s contextual perspective of
male-female relations
Refrain from forcing Anglo-American values
onto client
May affect diagnosis of client:
(e.g. Latina that seems passive may not be
passive by her culture’s standards)
Summary
The Latino Population
Difficulties for Latinos
Latinos Underrepresented/served
Culture & Counseling Implications
---> Activity
Activity:
Break into groups
(3 - 4members) Scenarios:
You are a community counselor:
Case conceptualization:
How would you approach and what
would you consider for the following
cases?
Scenarios
1. Unmarried, 3rd generation Latina.
Presenting issue: Lacks assertiveness
2. Married, Latino male. Has been in U.S. for
3 years. Presenting issue: Court ordered
alcohol treatment
3. Married, 1st generation Latina. Presenting
issue: Trust issues.
4. Unmarried, 2nd generation, Latino male.
Presenting issue: Anger control
5. Unmarried, newly immigrated Latina.
Presenting issue: Depression