Transcript File

ENTRANCE SLIP
Why did the English Civil War start?
(Hint think about King Charles I and
Parliament)
THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
Also known as “The Age of
Reason”
Scientific Revolution paved the
way
Reached its height in the mid1700s
KEY IDEAS
Enlightenment philosophers admire
scientists’ use of reason to understand
the natural world.
These philosophers promote the use of
reason to understand government,
religion, education, and economics.
They advocate government reform and
social improvement.
ENLIGHTENED PHILOSOPHERS AND
WRITERS
THOMAS HOBBES
Believed
people always
acted in their
own self
interest
Government
needed to keep
order,
Monarchy is
JOHN LOCKE
Believed people were
reasonable beings with
the natural ability to
govern themselves
Purpose of government
was to protect their
natural rights of life,
liberty, and property
If they failed you should
overthrow them
JOHN LOCKE
“…The
Declaration [of Independence] included another of
Locke’s ideas: people had the right “to alter or
abolish” unjust governments – a right to revolt. The
principle of popular sovereignty, which states that all
government power comes from the people, is also an
important point in the Declaration. In it, Thomas
Jefferson carefully detailed the colonists’ grievances
against Britain. Because the king had trampled
colonists’ natural rights, he argued, the colonists had
the right to rebel and set up a new government that
would protect them. Aware of the risks involved, on
July 4, 1776, American leaders adopted the
Declaration, pledging “our lives, our fortunes, and our
sacred honor” to creating and protecting the new
United States of America.”
MONTESQUIE
U
Advocated
separation of
powers and checks
and balances to
keep any individual
or group from
gaining complete
control of the
government
ROUSSEAU
Committed to
individual freedom
Viewed government
as an agreement (a
social contract)
among free
individuals to create a
society guided by the
“general will”
VOLTAIRE
Tolerance, reason,
and freedom of
thought,
expression, and
religious belief
Fought against
prejudice and
superstition
MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT
Argued for women’s
right to become
educated and to
participate in politics
Believed women, like
men, need
education to become
virtuous and useful
DENIS DIDEROT
Spread
enlightened
thinking in all
areas by
publishing the
Encyclopedia
HOW DID ENLIGHTENMENT WRITERS AND THINKERS SET
THE STAGE FOR REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS?
Encouraged people
 to judge for themselves what was
right or wrong in society
Rely on human reason to solve
social problems
MAJOR IDEAS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT
• Natural Rights – life, liberty, property =
Locke
• Separation of Powers = Montesquieu
• Freedom of Thought and Expression =
Voltaire
• Abolishment of Torture = Beccaria
• Religious Freedom = Voltaire
• Women’s Equality = Wollstonecraft
THE ARTS DURING THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN
“Father of the Symphony”
He broke from traditionally ornate musical
forms and developed the sonata and symphony
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART
Set a new
standard for
elegance and
originality with his
varied and
numerous
musical
compositions
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN
Exhibited great range in his works
Moved from the classical style of Mozart to begin new
trend that carried music into the Age of Romanticism
ENLIGHTENED
LEADERS
FREDERICK THE GREAT
Ruler of Prussia, he granted many religious
freedoms
Reduced censorship
Improved education and the justice system
Abolished torture
Thought rulers were to be “the first servant of the
state”
Austrian King, he abolished serfdom
Initiated legal reforms
JOSEPH II
Introduced freedom of the press
Supported freedom of religion
CATHERINE THE GREAT
Tried to modernize and reform Russia
according to the writings of the philosophes,
accomplished limited reforms
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:
Voltaire is credited with saying: “I
disapprove of what you say, but I
will defend your right to say it.”
What does this statement
indicate about Voltaire’s views on
free speech? How is it similar to
beliefs about free speech in the
U.S.?
What individual rights do U.S. citizens give up in exchange for other guaranteed rights?
WHO’S IDEAS ARE MOST LIKE YOUR OWN?
Hobbes
People are
selfish, selfserving, and
brutal.
Without
control,
society would
be chaotic
Locke
People are
reasonable
and able to
make
decisions.
People should
be able to rule
themselves.
FOR EACH SLIDE
1.
T E L L M E W H AT E N L I G H T E N M E N T T H I N K E R
WAS MOST RESPONSIBLE FOR THE IMAGE
OR QUOTE.
2.
EXPLAIN YOUR REASON FOR PICKING THE
PERSON FROM NUMBER ONE.
IMAGE #1
IMAGE # 2
IMAGE # 3
IMAGE # 4
IMAGE #
QUOTE # 1
Don't interfere with anything in
the Constitution. That must be
maintained, for it is the only
safeguard of our liberties.
Abraham Lincoln
QUOTE # 2
Discrimination is a hellhound that gnaws
at Negroes in every waking moment of
their lives to remind them that the lie of
their inferiority is accepted as truth in the
society dominating them.
Martin Luther King, Jr.
QUOTE # 3
A wise and frugal government, which shall
leave men free to regulate their own
pursuits of industry and improvement, and
shall not take from the mouth of labor the
bread it has earned - this is the sum of
good government.
Thomas Jefferson
QUOTE #4
Evil is not to be traced back to
the individual but to the
collective behavior of
humanity.” Reinhold Niebuhr
DIRECTIONS
Each group of 2 will be given an important figure of the Enlightenment at random.
The pair will have one class period to create a “Character Collage” of that person
showcasing what the person feels, thinks, believes, has accomplished, written,
etc. You may use your phones to research your assigned person.
How will you be graded?
•Key ideas are accurately represented by words, phrases and
visuals
•Visual elements help viewer understand key ideas
•Layout of collage helps viewer understand belief system
•Color and creative touches mane collage visually appealing
•ALL directions followed including 5 elements, name, life dates,
country and creators’ names on the bottom front.
•Group members worked consistently and purposefully
•Group used cooperative skills to complete the project
•Individually worked consistently and purposefully
ENLIGHTENED THINKERS LIST
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Voltaire
Baron de
Montesquieu
Jean Jacques
Rousseau
Mary Wollstonecraft
Denis Diderot
Franz Joseph Haydn
Wolfgang Mozart
Ludwig von
Beethoven
Frederick the Great
Joseph II
Catherine the Great
THE END