Transcript The Latin American Independence Movement

The Latin American
Independence Movement
SS6H2 The student will explain the
development of Latin America and the
Caribbean from European colonies to
independent nations.
Colonization
• The governments of Spain and Portugal
ruled most of Latin America for nearly
three hundred years.
• The American Revolution of 1776 gave
Latin Americans the idea that they too
could be free.
Toussaint L’Ouverture
• He was born a slave in the
mid-1700s.
• His father had been a free
African who was captured and
sold into slavery in Saint
Domingue.
• Toussaint was allowed to learn
to read and write by his
plantation owner.
• He became a famous black
freedom fighter.
• He was a major leader of the
slave revolts in Saint
Domingue (Present Day-Haiti)
The French Revolution
• The French Revolution of 1789
• The new French government gained freedom for
all free blacks and mulattoes (those of African
and European ancestors).
• Plantation owners in Saint Dominque were
furious.
• In 1791, the French government changed its
mind and took back the freedom it had given the
blacks and mulattoes.
Slave Revolt
• Toussaint led a slave army and defeated
the French troops.
• By 1793, the French government had
abolished slavery altogether.
• Toussaint lead his men against invading
British and Spanish troops.
• In the end, Toussaint was left in charge of
Domingue even though it was officially a
French colony.
Emperor Napoleon and Toussaint
• In 1802, the French emperor Napoleon
sent troops to Saint Domingue to regain
control .
• He tricked Toussaint!
• He was sent to France and placed in
prison where he died.
• Within two years, the people of Saint
Domingue declared their independence
and renamed their country Haiti.
Question: 248
• Toussaint L’Ouverture was famous for his
role in gaining independence for which
country?
• A. Cuba
• B. Haiti
• C. Mexico
• D. Venezuela
Question: 249
• Which country’s government imprisoned
Toussaint L’Ouverture?
• A. France
• B. Great Britain
• C. Haiti
• D. Spain
Question: 250
• Which important goal did Toussaint
L’Ouverture want to achieve?
• A. freedom for the slaves in Saint
Domingue
• B. Improve production on sugar cane
plantations
Question: 251
• Which childhood event allowed Toussaint
L’Ouverture to learn ides about freedom
and equality?
• A. His owner allowed him to learn to read
and write.
• B. He made a trip to France.
Simon Bolivar
• Simon Bolivar was a
leader in the wars for
independence in
South America. He
and other leaders
fought against
Spanish rule.
• Simon Bolivar and other leaders wanted
independence for all people in Latin
America. Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador,
Panama, Peru, and Venezuela won their
independence through his efforts.
Biography of Simon Bolivar
• Bolivar was born in 1783, in Caracas, in
what is now Venezuela. He was from a
wealthy family. He had an excellent
education and read many books with ideas
on freedom and equality.
• He lived at the time of the French
Revolution and learned of the defeat of the
French royal family.
1810-1824
• Bolivar led different groups of troops
against Spanish rule. He fought in the
lands that are now Venezuela, Colombia,
and Panama.
• He was able to finally defeat the Spanish
in 1824 and end Spanish rule in South
America.
Bolivia
• The country of Bolivia
was named in honor of
Bolivar, and he wrote a
constitution to organize
the country.
• Bolivar is known as “The
Liberator” in South
America. He is also
known as the “George
Washington of South
America.”
Simon Bolivar as Dictator
• He became dictator and
tried to create a single,
large South American
country called Gran
Colombia.
• It covered the entire
northern part of South
America. Fights among
different groups caused
the different countries to
break up.
• Bolivar became infected
with tuberculosis and died
from the disease in 1830.
Grand Colombia Map
252. Simon Bolivar was known as
the liberator for which people?
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A. Indigenous people
B. Mexicans
C. South Americans
D. Spanish soldiers
253. Which country got its independence
because of Simon Bolivar’s efforts?
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A. Canada
B. Mexico
C. United States
D. Venezuela
254. Which country’s revolution encouraged
Bolivar to fight for independence?
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A. France
B. Mexico
C. Spain
D. Venezuela
255. Which country did Bolivar and
his fellow patriots fight against?
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A. France
B. Mexico
C. Spain
D. Venezuela
Miguel Hidalgo
• He is known as the father
of Mexican
independence.
• He was a priest who led a
peasant army against the
Spanish army in Mexico,
which was then called
New Spain. His army won
some victories, but he did
not live to see
independence.
Biography of Hidalgo
• He was born in 1753. his family saw that
he got a good education.
• He enjoyed reading books with ideas on
freedom and equality.
• He saw that there was no equality for the
peasant workers in Mexico.
• He saw that people born in Spain got
special treatment compared to people
born in Mexico.
He trained to be a priest and worked among
the native people and peasants
Hidalgo and the Independence
Movement
• In 1810, France invaded
Spain, and the king was
removed.
• This created problems in
Mexico.
• People in Mexico were
not sure they supported
the new French
government.
• Others did not support
the old Spanish
government.
• Hidalgo and several of his
friends were a part of a
third group that believed it
was time for Mexico to be
independent.
1810-1821
• Hidalgo was warned that
he was going to be
arrested. Those loyal to
the French government
turned him in.
• On September 16,
Hidalgo gave a speech
encouraging freedom for
Mexico.
• Thousands followed
Hidalgo and they won
many victories against
the Spanish.
• Unfortunately, Hidalgo
and his followers did not
have many weapons.
• The Spanish took Hidalgo
prisoner. He was tried
and executed for treason.
• He was executed by
Spanish soldiers on July
30, 1811.
• In 1821, Spain withdrew
its last troops from
Mexico.
256. Miguel Hidalgo was known as the father
of independence for which country?
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A. Bolivia
B. Mexico
C. Peru
D. Venezuela
257. What job did Miguel Hidalgo
have in Mexico?
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A. general
B. peasant
C. priest
D. soldier
258. What event caused people in
Mexico to begin to think about
independent?
• A. France took over Spain and removed
the king.
• B. Mexico had many peasants who were
unhappy.
• C. Spain sent additional troops to fight
against Hidalgo.
• D. Thousands of people followed Hidalgo
after his speech.