Transcript Chapter 19 - Foreign and Defense Policy

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Chapter 19
Foreign and Defense Policy
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Chapter Outline and Learning
Objectives
Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense
Policy
LO 19.1: Trace the evolution U.S. foreign
and defense policy.
The United States as a World Power
LO 19.2: Explain the developments that
lead to the rise of the United States as a
world power.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Chapter Outline and Learning
Objectives
Foreign and Defense Policy Decision
Making
LO 19.3: Outline that actors that shape
foreign and defense policy decision making.
Contemporary Challenges in Foreign
and Defense Policy
LO 19.4: Identify four contemporary foreign
and defense policy challenges confronting
the United States.
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Chapter Outline and Learning
Objectives
Toward Reform: Rethinking American
Power
LO 19.5: Evaluate the shift in thinking about
American power that has occurred in recent
decades.
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Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense
Policy
LO 19.1: Trace the evolution of U.S. foreign and defense policy.
•
•
•
•
Isolationism in the early republic
Growing power and influence
World War I and the League of Nations
The interwar years
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LO 19.1
Isolationism in the Early Republic
•
•
•
The Embargo
Act of 1807
The War of 1812
The Monroe
Doctrine of 1823
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LO 19.1
Growing Power and Influence
•
•
•
Trade policy and commerce
Expansionism and manifest destiny
Dominance over the western
hemisphere
–
•
The Roosevelt Corollary of 1904
Interest in Asia
–
The Spanish-American War
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LO 19.1
World War I and the League of Nations
•
•
World War I
League of
Nations
–
–
Collective
security
Failure to pass
the Treaty of
Versailles
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LO 19.1
The Interwar Years
•
•
Disarmament
Isolationism
–
The Kellogg-Briand Pact
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LO 19.1
The United States’ growing interest
in Asian affairs was the result of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the
the
the
the
the
attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.
Spanish American War of 1898.
Monroe Doctrine.
League of Nations.
Paris Peace Conference.
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LO 19.1
The United States’ growing interest
in Asian affairs was the result of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.
the Spanish American War of 1898.
the Monroe Doctrine.
the League of Nations.
the Paris Peace Conference.
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The United States as a World Power
LO 19.2: Explain the developments that led to the rise of the
United States as a world power.
•
•
•
•
•
World War II and its aftermath
The Cold War and containment
Détente and human rights
The Post-Cold War world
The war on terrorism
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LO 19.2
World War II and Its Aftermath
•
•
The U.S.  internationalism
Bretton Woods System
–
–
–
The International Monetary
Fund (IMF)
The World Bank
The General Agreement on
Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
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LO 19.2
The Cold War and Containment
•
Containment
–
–
–
•
The Truman Doctrine
The Marshall Plan
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO)
The Cold War
–
–
Latin American: The Cuban Missile Crisis
The Vietnam War
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LO 19.2
Détente and Human Rights
•
Nixon and detente
–
–
•
•
•
The “China card”
The SALT agreements
Carter and human rights
The Reagan Doctrine
Afghanistan
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LO 19.2
The Post-Cold War World
•
•
Operation Desert Storm
Clinton and enlargement
–
–
Economic: The North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA)
Political
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LO 19.2
The War on Terrorism
•
•
September 11 and the war in
Afghanistan
The war in Iraq
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LO 19.2
Enlargement was a foreign policy objective
of ___________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Clinton
Reagan
Carter
Nixon
Bush II
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LO 19.2
Enlargement was a foreign policy objective
of ___________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Clinton
Reagan
Carter
Nixon
Bush II
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Foreign and Defense Policy Decision
Making
LO 19.3: Outline the actors that shape foreign and defense policy
decision making.
•
•
The Constitution
The Executive Branch
–
The President
• The National Security
Council
– The Departments of State,
Defense, and Homeland
Security
– The Intelligence community
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LO 19.3
Congress
•
•
•
•
•
Oversight
Treaties and executive agreements
Appointments – weakly exercised
Appropriations
The War Powers Act
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LO 19.3
Interest Groups
Other actors can become active in foreign
policy decision-making
• The military industrial complex
• News media, which acts as a filter
• Public opinion, interest, and action
• Nongovernmental organizations
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LO 19.3
All of the following officials or bodies tend
play a decisive role in foreign policy EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Congress
The president
The Department of State
The Supreme Court
The intelligence community
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LO 19.3
All of the following officials or bodies tend
play a decisive role in foreign policy EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Congress
The president
The Department of State
The Supreme Court
The intelligence community
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To Learning Objectives
Contemporary Challenges in Foreign
and Defense Policy
LO 19.4: Identify four foreign and defense policy challenges
confronting the United States.
•
•
•
•
Trade
Immigration and border security
Terrorism
Nuclear weapons
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LO 19.4
Trade
•
•
Free trade system
Making trade policy
–
–
•
NAFTA
WTO
The Case of China
–
–
–
1949-1979 economic isolation
The U.S.-China bilateral trade agreement
(1979)
2001 China joins WTO
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LO 19.4
Immigration and Border Security
•
Making immigration policy
–
–
–
•
Open door policy
Restrictive quotas
Border blockades
The case of Mexico
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LO 19.4
Terrorism
•
Making counterterrorism policy
–
–
–
–
•
Diplomacy – get other states on board
Military power
Economic power
Covert operations
The case of Al-Qaeda
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LO 19.4
Nuclear Weapons
•
Making arms proliferation policy
–
–
–
–
–
•
disarmament
arms control
denial
defensive weapons
counterproliferation
The case of North Korea
–
The International Atomic Energy Association
(IAEA)
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To Learning Objectives
Which of the following is a foreign policy
strategy to deal with nuclear
proliferation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
LO 19.4
The open door policy
Free trade agreements
Defensive weapons systems
Covert operations
Border blockades
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To Learning Objectives
Which of the following is a foreign policy
strategy to deal with nuclear
proliferation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
LO 19.4
The open door policy
Free trade agreements
Defensive weapons systems
Covert operations
Border blockades
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To Learning Objectives
Toward Reform: Rethinking American
Power
LO 19.5: Evaluate the shift in thinking about American power that
has occurred in recent decades.
•
Unilateralism
–
–
–
•
The United States emerged from the Cold War as the
world’s dominant power.
It was able to act unilaterally.
Lengthy wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and a struggling
global economy weaken it.
Multilateralism
–
–
China is primary challenger and a potential partner
League of Democracies
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LO 19.5
The U.S. became the world’s major
superpower after ___________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
WWII
Vietnam
WWI
9/11
the end of the Cold War
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To Learning Objectives
LO 19.5
The U.S. became the world’s major
superpower after ___________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
WWII
Vietnam
WWI
9/11
the end of the Cold War
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Figure 19.1: How has defense spending
changed over time?
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Figure 19.2: Who are the United States’
major trading partners?
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To Learning Objectives