Transcript Native Americans from Texas

Native Americans from Texas
By Laurie Hill
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
Outline
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
Objectives
By the end of this power point, I would like
my students to be able to…
– Understand where the Indians came from first
– Understand the different areas of Texas Native
Americans lived
– Be able to identify the type of food, clothing,
and housing the Indians used
– Identify unique attributes of certain tribes
…in order to make their own PPT!
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
The First Americans
• It is thought that most Native Americans are descendents
from people that crossed over from Asia to America on a
land bridge– the Bering Land bridge.
• As the world's glaciers and ice sheets melted over the
following millennia, rising sea level flooded the land
bridge.
This picture demonstrates
the diminishing of the bridge
over thousands of years
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
Migration Paths
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
The Comanche
• Migrated from
Wyoming
• Hunters and
gatherers
• Used the horse for
their main source of
transportation and
food-getting
• “Well dressed”
– The Comanche
leaders often wore
fine European
clothes, with many
silver conchos and
fine leather boots.
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
The Comanche
• Lived in tee-pees
• Good warriors and
traders (although,
thieves)
• Often spoke more
than one language
Click here for more
important facts
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
The Wichita
• Semisedentary lifestyle
– farms and villages, but
also moved around
• Fall would migrate
west to go on a buffalo
hunt
• In spring lived in grass
huts in villages
–
grew maize, pumpkins,
squash, beans and plums
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
The Wichita
•
•
•
•
•
Tattoos— “raccooneyed people”
Wore clothes made of
tanned hides
Men: shirts, loin
cloths and leggings
Women: dresses that
reached from their
chin to their ankles
Moccasins
• Elk teeth were very
valuable
– trade items with
neighboring tribes
Click the picture for
more info
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
The Caddo
• Lived in piney areas
of East Texas
– Grass huts like the
Wichitas
• Farmers
– corn, beans, squash
and other crops
• Set fires in the
woods to burn away
clearings to farm
• Women would
gather wild plant
food like acorns,
black berries
• Men would travel in
hunting parties for
buffalo
• Buffalo robes
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
The Caddo
• Texas is a Caddoan
word
– It means "those who
are friends"
– The Tejas Caddo
tribes were all
"friends”
• Made bows and
arrows out of bois
de arc wood
• Made axes to cut
down trees
• Beautiful pottery
Click the ax for more
information
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
Lets Review!
1. Where is it thought that the first humans
that came to America came from?
2. Where did the Comanche Indians live? The
Wichita? The Caddo?
3. What kind of house did the Comanches live
in? The Wichita? The Caddo?
4. Which Native Texans were hunter/
gatherers?
5. Which were farmers?
6. What does “Tejas” mean?
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
The Tonkawa
• “The people of the
wolf”
– Believed descended
from mythical wolf
• Totemic belief
system
– each clan had a
mythical animal or
spirit to guard them
Click the picture or the
wolf on the next slide
for more information.
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
The Tonkawa
• Tattooed bodies
• Hill country of
central Texas
– Shared land with the
Karankawa and
Coahuiltecan
• Friendly, but
enemies with
Comanche and
Apache tribes
• Hunted and
gathered food
– Fish, deer,
blackberries
• Lived in huts,
wickiups and teepees
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
The Apaches
• Migrated to Texas from
Canada
• “Apache” is probably
Zuni which means
“enemy”
• Built wickiups and
teepees
• Semi-sedentary
– Farmed and hunted
– The Apache and Navajo
called themselves the
Dine
– Dine in Apache or Navajo
means "the people”
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
The Apaches
• Wore leather boots
and wide cloth
headbands
• After the horse,
stopped farming to
hunt
• Pushed further
south by Comanche
– Two groups: Lipan
and Mescaleros
• Sought refuge in
Spanish missions but
treated like slaves
• Geronimo- famous
leader of the
Mescalero Apaches
– 1870s- led a famous
raid in southern New
Mexico and far west
Texas
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
The Karankawa
• Galveston and
Corpus Christi area
• Food= fish fish fish!
• Clothing
– Men: breach cloths
or nothing at all
– Women: grass skirts
• Lived in wickiups
during the winter
• Got around in
canoes
– Could hold a family
and all their
possessions
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
The Karankawa
• Larger than most
Native Americans at 6’
• Often unfairly labeled
as cannibals
Click on the fish for more
information on the
Karankawa culture
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
The Coahuiltecan
• Many similar groups
of Indians in the
same area
– called the
Coahuiltican Indians
out of convenience
• South Texas, Eastern
Mexico
• Hunters and
gatherers until
people started to
come to America
• “Dirty and smelly”
– Diseases
– Became extremely
poor
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
The Coahuiltecan
• Wickiups,
sometimes
• Little clothing, if
any
• Made sandles out of
lechuguilla plants
Click the cactus for
more info.
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
Jumano
• West Texas
• Farmers
– grew corn, beans
and squash
– grew cotton for
clothes and blankets
• Adobe houses
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
Jumano
• Clean and neat
• Men shaved their
heads except for at
the top
• Traders
• Supposedly naked
except for when it
was cold- wore
blankets
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
Lets Review!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What did the Tonkawa Indians call themselves?
Which Native Texans lived in adobe houses?
How did the Karankawa clans get around?
Why were the Coahuiltecan clans “dirty and
“smelly”?
What Indian heritage was Geronimo?
What type of homes did the Tonkawa, Apache,
Karankawa, Coahuiltecan, and Jumano Indians live
in?
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
Before you go to the next
slide, see if you can
remember where these
Native Texans lived! When
you get to the next slide, try
to guess the names in order
before you click.
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
1
6
5
2
4
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
3
Now that you have learned
briefly about Native Americans,
you can make your own, more
interesting (and more fun) power
point!
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/
Bibliography
(Incomplete)
www.texasindians.com
http://go.hrw.com/hrw.nd/gohrw_rls1/pKeywordResults?keyword=st9%20
bering
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/parcs/atlas/beringia/lbridge.html
http://instaar.colorado.edu/QGISL/bering_land_bridge/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bering_Land_Bridge
Indians Who Lived In Texas, Hendrick-Long Publishing, 1981
Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas
Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/