Transcript 組織再生
Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory Liu HW Lab Fu Jen Catholic University 組織再生 Tissue Regeneration 劉席瑋 Hsia-Wei Liu 輔仁大學生命科學系助理教授 中研院物理所訪問學者 工研院材化所研究員 長庚醫院骨科博士後研究員 國立清華大學化工博士/醫學工程碩士 全球生技產業概況---全球醫療趨勢 我國生技產業現況 甚麼是再生醫學? 甚麼是組織工程? 構成個體的層次 循環系統 呼吸系統 消化系統 泌尿系統 骨骼肌肉系統 免疫系統 神經系統 內分泌系統 生殖系統 皮膚系統 Why is it Important? • Birth Defects (genetic mutations) Why is it Important? • Burn Victims Why is it Important? • War Injuries Why is it Important? • Sports Injuries 器官，不要再等了！ 侏儸紀公園 When mosquito meets dinosaur AMBER ? ? ? I am there 17 ? 幹細胞(Stem Cell) A cell that has the ability to continuously divide and differentiate (develop) into various other kind(s) of cells/tissues Stem cells are the base cells of the body. The different tissues form out of them – skin, muscles, bones, blood, nerve fibres, and all the organs. Stem Cell Transplant Research, Parkinson's Disease Stem cells used to boost breasts 明尼蘇達大學這批科學家由朵瑞絲泰勒博士（Dr. Doris Taylor）領軍，他們 從捐贈者遺體取出心臟，在實驗室以界面活性劑洗去心臟細胞，取得有「鬼 心」（ghost heart）之稱的膠原蛋白支架。再將取自需換心者的數百萬顆年輕 幹細胞注入支架，假以時日，這群幹細胞會附著上支架、分裂至特定數量， 心臟即能自主搏動。 使年輕;使恢復精神 組織工程基本原理 Basic principles of tissue engineering Cells expansion Growth Factors Cells isolation Biomaterials 3-D Scaffold In vivo implantation In vitro culture 組織工程三要素 細胞 支架 生長因子 幫細胞蓋一個家…組織工程用支架 Scaffolds • Various textures and materials • Encourage cells to grow • Allow nutrients to permeate • Won’t harm the patient Tissue Engineering • Generation of semi-synthetic tissues and organs – Biocompatible scaffolding materials • Synthetic polymer or natural material (e.g. collagen) – Living cells grown in culture • Fully differentiated cells From simple tissues and organs (skin, cartilage, urinary bladders) to whole organs using stem cells Skin/cartilage Drug Delivery Devices Polymers Bone replacements Orthopedic screws/fixation Metals Ocular implants Synthetic BIOMATERIALS Ceramics Dental Implants Implantable Microelectrodes Heart valves Dental Implants Semiconductor Materials Biosensors Biomaterials cover all classes of materials – metals, ceramics, polymers Uses of Ceramics • Structural components – Joint replacements, hip and knee – Spinal fusion devices – Dental crowns, bridges, implants, etc • Other applications – Inner ear and cochlear匙形 implants – Tissue engineering – Coatings for heart valves Engineering bone grafts • Change stem cells into bone cells – with proper growth factors in cell culture media • This scaffold can’t be too big or the cells inside will die since they will not get enough oxygen A 3D calcium phosphate scaffold From Becton Dickinson Uses of Metals • Structural components – Joint replacements – Bone fracture pins, plates – Dental implants • Other applications – Leads, wires, tubing – Cardiac devices Artificial Hip Joints http://www.totaljoints.info/Hip.jpg Uses of Polymers • Many applications – Valves, ducts, catheters – Joint replacement – Coatings, encapsulants – Tissue engineering scaffolds – Lenses Intraocular Lens 3 basic materials - PMMA, acrylic, silicone Vascular Grafts Uses of Biological Materials • Scaffolds • Replacement tissues – Skin, cartilage, etc. • Coatings for synthetic polymeric or metallic materials • Plastic/cosmetic surgery Substitute Heart Valves Artificial Vessels • Usually for by-pass operation http://popularmechanics.com/popmec h/sci/tech/9805TUMDOM.html A new bladder • To make a bladder one need a scaffold and several different type of cells Bone repair • Obtain patient’s bone cells – From the hip • Seed onto scaffold • Implant scaffold – Use body as incubator – All appropriate growth factors available • Remove and implant in proper location Replacement cells for diabetes In vivo Islet of Langerhans in pancreas Replacement cartilage A close up image of cells in the replacement cartilage • Mimic usual cartilage environment – Cartilage cells – Collagenous scaffold – Doesn’t require extensive blood supply 組織工程眼角膜 組織工程皮膚 軟骨再生 Cartilage Regeneration Evolution of Biomaterials Structural Soft Tissue Replaceme nts Functional Tissue Engineering Constructs Advances in Biomaterials Technology • Cell matrices for 3-D growth and tissue reconstruction • Biosensors, Biomimetic , and smart devices • Controlled Drug Delivery/ Targeted delivery • Biohybrid organs and Cell immunoisolation – New biomaterials - bioactive, biodegradable, inorganic – New processing techniques Biomaterials - An Emerging Industry • Next generation of medical implants and therapeutic modalities • Interface of biotechnology and traditional engineering • Significant industrial growth in the next 15 years -- potential of a multi-billion dollar industry Q&A