Transcript 人際關係與溝通
人際關係與溝通 陳世聰 [email protected] 08-8660976 0929151102 期中考填答分析 45 40 35 30 人 25 數 20 答 對 數 15 10 答 錯 數 5 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 | | | 1 2 3 題號 1. ( )人際溝通係指人們創造與維繫關係， 並在創造意義中履行雙方(權利 責任 情感 需求)的過程。 2. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 脈絡(context)是指溝通交會的情景，包括溝通發生的前因後果。請 選出正確的脈絡名稱： ( )(Physical Social Historical Psychological Cultural)context is the sum of previous communication episodes. ( )(Physical Social Historical Psychological Cultural)context is determined by the moods and feelings of each individual. ( )(Physical Social Historical Psychological Cultural)context is a set of beliefs, values, and norms shared by those communicating. ( )(Physical Social Historical Psychological Cultural)context such as heat, light, and noise, such as heat, light, and noise, affects the message sent. ( )(Physical Social Historical Psychological Cultural)context, such as parent, friend, lover, or enemy, has an impact on communication. 3.噪音 1) ( )The noise of unintended meanings is( external noise internal noise semantic noise) 2) ( )The noise of sights and sounds is( external noise internal noise semantic noise) 3) ( )The noise of thoughts and feelings( external noise internal noise semantic noise) 4. 自我知覺 1) ( )(self-awareness self-fulfillment Self-concept Self-esteem) is our description of our competencies and personality traits. 2) ( )(self-awareness self-fulfillment Self-concept Self-esteem) is our evaluation of our competence and personal worthiness. 3) ( )( Incongruence Incapability Disadaptive Indecisive)is the gap between our inaccurate self-perceptions and reality. 4) ( )If John has an IQ of 160 and perceives himself as stupid, that perception is ( Incongruence Incapability Disadaptive Indecisive)is the gap between our inaccurate self-perceptions and reality. 5) ( )(self-applause self-awareness self-analysis Selffulfilling prophecies) are events that happen as a result of being foretold, expected, or talked about. 6) ( )( Simplifying Reducing Inducing Filtering )messages is Perceptional distortions of message we receive so that they reinforce what we already think. 5. 自我社會建構 1) 2) 3) ( )( Role-taking Self-monitoring Impression Management) is the process of meeting the perceived demands of the communication situation by adopting a role comprised of an expected or appropriate set of behaviors. ( )( Role-taking Self-monitoring Impression Management) is an internal process of being aware of yourself, involves being sensitive to other people’s expressions and reactions and using this information in deciding how to behave. ( )( Role-taking Self-monitoring Impression Management) is the process by which people consciously try to influence others’ impressions of them. 6. Uncertainty reduction theory 1) ( )(Cultural-level Sociological-level Psychological-level)predictions, based upon what we see, are frequently inaccurate. 2) ( )(Cultural-level Sociological-level Psychological-level predictions), based upon others’ membership groups, allow us to discover common ground. 3) ( )(Cultural-level Sociological-level Psychological-level predictions, based upon individual differences, are the most accurate level of predictions. 7. Perceptual Inaccuracies 1) ( )(Implicit personality theory Halo effect Selective perception Faulty attributions): Assumptions that people develop about physical characteristics and personality traits or behaviors. 2) ( ) (Implicit personality theory Halo effect Selective perception Faulty attributions): Assumes a whole set of characteristics when you have actually only observed one. 3) ( ) (Implicit personality theory Halo effect Selective perception Faulty attributions): The tendency to pay attention only to what we expect to see or hear and to ignore everything else. 4) ( ) (Implicit personality theory Halo effect Selective perception Faulty attributions): Inaccurate reason we give for our own and others’ behavior. 5) ( )( Situational attributions Forced consistency Prejudice Discrimination): If you get an A on an exam, you might attribute that good grade to an easy exam or the alignment of the stars, or dumb luck. 6) ( )( Situational attributions Forced consistency Prejudice Discrimination): Inaccurate attempt to make several of our perceptions of another person agree with each other. 7) ( )( Situational attributions Forced consistency Prejudice Discrimination): Inaccurate perceptions of people based simply on the groups they are members of. 8) ( )( Situational attributions Forced consistency Prejudice Discrimination): Negative actions toward people based on the groups they are members of. 8.( )下圖所示之周哈里窗(The Johari window)意指(低揭露，低回饋 高揭露， 低回饋 低揭露，高回饋 高揭露，高 回饋)。 B O U S 9. Managing Dialectical Tensions 1) ( )(Temporal selection Topical segmentation Neutralization Reframing) involves selecting one side of the contradiction and ignoring the other for a certain amount of time. 2) ( )(Temporal selection Topical segmentation Neutralization Reframing) involves satisfying both partners’ needs for a balance by separating situations. 3) ( )(Temporal selection Topical segmentation Neutralization Reframing) is a compromise that partially meets the needs of both parties. 4) ( )(Temporal selection Topical segmentation Neutralization Reframing) involves putting less emphasis on dialectical contradictions. • 暫時性選擇(Temporal selection)：在一段特定時間內， 在矛盾的狀況下，選擇一方，忽略另一方。 • 話題區隔(Topical segmentation)：以不同領域分別滿足 矛盾的兩方。 部分揭露。 • 中立(Neutralization) ：部分滿足雙方的需求，取一平衡 點，而不過份強求。 • 重構(Reframing)：少將重心置於辯證矛盾中。 • Identify a dialectical tension that exists between you and another person whom you care about. How do you attempt to manage it? How effective are you? 10.人際需求理論 1) ( )(Affection need Inclusion need Control need)：Need to influence the events and people around us 2) ( )(Affection need Inclusion need Control need)：Need to express and receive love. 3) ()(Affection need Inclusion need Control need)：Need to be in the company of other people.