Transcript save-HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

INTRODUCTION
 In hydroelectric power station potential
and kinetic energy of stored water is
converted into electric energy .
 For hydro power station factors like
rainfall,steam flow available head and
storage facilities are studied.
 25% of electricity generation capacity in
world is provided by hydel power plant.
 In the countries like Norvey 99%
electricity
is
produced
by
hydelpowerplant.
 4% of the total hydel energy potential in world
is in India.
 In India 25.32% of total electricity generation
capacity is produced by hydel power plant.
 As per rocords of March-2000 23,816 MW
electricity was generated by hydel power plant.
 It is increasing day by day because of the
institutes like National Hydro Power
Corporation Limited(NHPCL).
PURPOSES OF MULTIPURPOSE
HYDROPROJECT
For
For
For
For
For
For
irrigation of agricultural land.
navigation.
fisheries and tourism.
flood control.
civil water supply.
generation of electricity.
BASIC ELEMENTS OF HYDEL POWER
PLANT
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Reservoir
Dam
Trace rack
For bay
Surge tank
Penstock
Spillway
Turbine
Powerhouse
CLASSIFICATION OF
HYDEL POWER PLANT
• According to availability of water:a) Run of river plant without pondage
b) Run-off river plant with pondage
c) Storage plant
d) Pump storage plant
• According to head :a) Low head plant
b) Medium head plant
c) High head plant
• According to load :a) Base load plant
b) Peak load plant
• According to plant capacity:a) Microhydal plant (upto 5 MW )
b) Medium capacity plant ( 5-100 MW )
c) High capacity plant (100 MW )
d) super plant ( above 100 MW )
• According to place of power house:a) Surface power house plant
b) Under ground power house plant
• According to turbine specific speed:a) High specific speed plant
b) Medium specific speed plant
c) Low specific speed plant
WATER TURBINES USED IN HYDEL
POWER PLANT
 PELTON TURBINE
 FRANCIS TURBINE
 KAPLAN TURBINE
PELTON WHEEL
KAPLAN TURBINE
ADVANTAGES OF HYDEL POWER
PLANT
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This plant is free from pollution.
Its operation and maintenance cost is less.
It has no stand by losses.
Unit cost of power is less.
Hydraulic turbines can be started speedily.
The plant has longer service life.
No fuel is required.
No change in efficiency with the age.
Disadvantages of hydel power plant
• Initial cost of dam and plant is high.
• The availability of power from it is not
much reliable.
• Loss of forest creates environmental
problems.
• Due to evaporation , considerable water is
lost.
• Time
required
for
construction
of
hydroproject is more.
AUXILIARIES ATTACHED WITH
HYDEL POWER PLANT.
(B)Mechanical
(A)Electrical
instruments
instruments
• Shaft
• Generator
coupling,journal
bearings,thrust
• Exciter,transformer
bearings
s
• Lubricating oil
• Switch gears
system
• Other instruments
• Cooling system
of control room
• Brake system for
generator-turbine
shaft
Overview of sardar sarovar
• PLACE:- On Narmada river, Kevadia(
Narmada district ) 100 km away from
Baroda.
• DAM:- Height-138.68m
Length-1210 m concrete.
Max.surface of river-140.21m
• RESERVOIR:-378 square kms,
lingth:214km
width: 16.1km
• TURBINE:(A) River head power house :-- 6 x 200 =1200 MW capacity
-- Reservoir Turbine, made in
Japan.
(B) For canal head power house:-- 5 x 50 =250 MW capacity
-- Kaplan turbines are used.
Water distribution in sardar
sarovar
DISTRIBUTION
STATE
IN MILLION
ACRE FOOT
Madhyapradesh
18.25
Gujarat
9.00
Maharashtra
0.25
Rajsthan
0.50
Overview of Hydroelectric project
ukai
• PLACE :- On the river Tapi, near Ukai, Surat.
• DAM :- ~Lenth: 868.83 m concrete dam.
~Height: 68.58m
~4057.96m dam of soil.
• RESERVOIR :~120 km length and average 5 km
width.
~capacity: 6.078 MAFT (million act fit)
• SPILLWAY:• PENSTOCK:22mm
• TURBINE:-
~Length:1529m
~Width : 259m
~Depth :18.29m
~Diameter :7.01m
~Thickness : 18 to
~Length : 60 m
~Manufacturer: BHEL
~ Head : 47.8rated.
~Power :75 MW
Lets see few of the
International Hydel
Power Plant Dam…
Arch Dam
Monticello Dam impounds Putah Creek west of Sacramento,
California. The solid concrete structure stands 93 m (304 ft) tall.
The dam’s arched upstream face transfers some of the pressure
from its reservoir, Lake Berryessa, onto the walls of the canyon.
Kariba Arch Dam
The Kariba Dam lies along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe.
The facility controls flooding and supplies hydroelectric power to both
countries. A public road traces the rim of the dam, between reservoir
Lake Kariba and the drop to the Zambezi River. The distinct arch shape
distributes pressure evenly on the overall structure of the dam.
G and P Corrigan/Robert Harding Picture Library
Hoover Dam
The Hoover Dam is an arch-gravity dam on the Colorado River.
Its reservoir, Lake Mead, lies between the states of Arizona and
Nevada. As an arch-gravity dam, it depends on its shape and its
own weight for stability.
Lake Mead
Lake Mead, a vast artificial lake, straddles the border between Arizona
and Nevada. The lake was formed by the construction of the Hoover
Dam on the Colorado River. During wet periods, it stores excess water
until it is needed. Lake Mead has also become a popular area for
boating and other recreational activities.
•Buttress dams fall into two basic categories:
1. Flat slab and
2. Multiple arch.
•Flat slab buttress dams have a flat upstream face.
•These dams are sometimes called Ambursen dams in recognition of
Nils Ambursen, the Norwegian-born American engineer who
popularized them in the early 20th century.
•An example of a flat slab buttress dam is the Stony Gorge Dam, which
crosses Stony Creek near Orland, California.
• It stands 42 m (139 ft) tall, stretches 264 m (868 ft) long, and contains
33,000 cubic meters (43,100 cubic yards) of concrete.
Flat Slab Buttress Dam
Lake Tahoe Dam impounds the Truckee River in northern California. Like all
flat slab buttress dams, it has a flat slab upstream face supported by a
series of buttresses on the downstream side. Lake Tahoe Dam measures
5.5 m (18 ft) tall and 33 m (109 ft) long. It was completed in 1913 to raise
the water level in Lake Tahoe, a natural lake, to provide additional water
for crop irrigation.
•Multiple arch buttress dams feature an upstream face formed by a
series of arches.
•The arches rest on top of buttresses that extend down to the
foundation.
•Bartlett Dam, on the Verde River near Phoenix, Arizona, is a multiple
arch dam.
•It stands 94 m (309 ft) high, stretches 244 m (800 ft) long, and
contains nearly 140,000 cubic meters (182,000 cubic yards) of
concrete.
Multiple Arch Dam
Bartlett Dam impounds the Verde River northeast of Phoenix, Arizona. Like
all multiple arch dams, Bartlett Dam makes use of a series of arches
supported by buttresses to withstand the pressure of the water in its
reservoir, Bartlett Lake. Each of the dam’s 10 concrete arches has a 7-m (24ft) radius and measures 2 m (7 ft) at the base and just 0.6 m (2 ft) at the
crest. The thick base provides additional strength at the bottom of the
reservoir, where the water pressure is most intense.
Concrete Gravity Dam
Shasta Dam impounds the Sacramento River in northern California. Like all
concrete gravity dams, Shasta Dam holds back the water in its reservoir,
Shasta Lake, by the sheer force of its weight. Built of solid concrete, the
massive structure rises 183 m (602 ft). It measures 165 m (542 ft) at the
base and just 9 m (30 ft) at the crest. This shape, typical of concrete gravity
dams, counteracts the force of the water pressing against the dam at the
bottom of the reservoir, where the pressure is most intense.
Grand Dixence Dam
With a height of 285 m (935 ft), the Grand Dixence Dam in the Swiss Alps
is one of the tallest dams in the world. Waterpower generates the majority
of Switzerland’s domestic electricity and is the nation’s most important
natural resource.
Raúl Leoni Hydroelectric Plant, Venezuela
Located on the Caroní River in Venezuela,the Raúl Leoni hydroelectric plant
provides electricity for the entire country.
The plant was built on the site of a village called Guri and is named for a
Venezuelanpresident who served from 1964 to 1968.
Rank
World’s Largest Dams
By Power Generating Capacity
Rated
Capacity
Name of Dam
Location
(Megawatts)
1
Itaipu
2
Guri
3
Grand Coulee
4
12,600
1984
10,300
1968
United
States
6,480
1942
Russia
6,400
1980
5
6
7
SayanoShushensk
Krasnoyarsk
La Grande 2
Churchill Falls
Russia
Canada
Canada
6,000
5,328
5,225
1968
1982
1971
8
Bratsk
Russia
4,500
1964
9
Ust-Ilim
Russia
4,500
1974
Tucurui
Brazil
4,245
1984
10
Brazil/
Paraguay
Venezuela
Year of
Completed
World’s Largest Dams
By Storage Capacity
Rank
Name of Dam
Country
Storage
Capacity
Cubic
Meters
1
Owen Falls
Uganda
204,800
1954
2
Kariba
Zimbabwe
/Zambia
180,600
1959
3
Bratsk
Russia
169,270
1964
4
Aswan High
Egypt
168,900
1970
5
Akosombo
Ghana
148,000
1965
6
Daniel Johnson
Canada
141,852
1968
7
Guri
(RaulLeoni)
Venezuela
136,000
1986
8
Krasnoyarsk
Russia
73,300
1967
9
W.A.C. Bennett
Canada
70,309
1967
10
Zeya
Russia
68,400
1978
Year of
Completed
World’s Largest Dams
By Height
Rank
Height
(m)
Year of
Completed
Name of Dam
Country
1
Rogun
Tajikistan
335
1989
2
Nurek
Tajikistan
300
1980
3
Grand Dixence
Switzerland
285
1961
4
5
Inguri
Boruca
Georgia
Costa Rica
272
267
1980
1990
6
Vaiont
Italy
262
1961
7
Chicoasen
Mexico
261
1980
8
Manuel M.
Torres
Mexico
261
1981
9
Alvaro
Obregon
Mexico
260
1946
Mauvoisin
Switzerland
250
1957
10