PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

IS IT A STEM, LEAF, ROOT, FLOWER, FRUIT OR SEED?

Food Part of Plant Broccoli Cabbage Carrot Celery Stalk Corn Kernel Garlic Onion Potato Tomato Zucchini

IS IT A STEM, LEAF, ROOT, FLOWER, FRUIT OR SEED?

Food Part of Plant Broccoli Cabbage Carrot Celery Stalk Corn Kernel Garlic Onion Potato Tomato Zucchini Flower Flower Root Stem Seed Root Root Root Fruit Fruit

PLANT BODY Shoot system = leaves + stem Root system

THREE TYPES OF PLANT TISSUES

Vascular Tissue  Transport  Support Ground Tissue  Synthesis of Sugars  Storage  Support Dermal Tissue  Protection

PLANT BODY

Leaf = blade + petiole Functions Exposes surface to sunlight Major site of photosynthesis Conserves water Provides for gas exchange Blade Petiole

Stoma = opening in the leaf for gas exchange, water evaporation

Conserves water Photosynthesis

STRUCTURES OF THE LEAF

Transports water and sugar to stem and roots

PLANT BODY

Stem: series of nodes and internodes Functions Holds leaves up to light Transports substances through vascular tissue Xylem conducts water and minerals Phloem transports sugar

Root PLANT BODY Functions Anchors plant in soil Takes up water and minerals from soil

FLOWERING PLANT REPRODUCTION

Flowers are modified leaves, specialized for reproduction.

Mitosis Mitosis Flower Meiosis Pollen grains Ovule

Angiosperms are seed bearing & fruit producing or flowering plants.

Flowers

Come in many different shapes, sizes and colors, but they all have the same functions:

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help plants reproduce.

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where seeds are made.

 Flowers are the sexual reproductive organs of plants.

 All flowers, regardless of variety, have the function of seed formation and the production of more plants.

 Flowers contain both non-reproductive and reproductive structures.

THE PARTS OF A FLOWER

Most flowers have four parts: sepals, petals, stamens, carpels.

THE PARTS OF A FLOWER

Sepals protect the bud until it opens.

Petals attract insects.

Stamens make pollen.

Carpels grow into fruits which contain the seeds.

Male Parts

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Anther

This is the part of the stamen that produces and contains pollen. It is usually on top of a long stalk that looks like a fine hair. When the grains are fully grown, the anther splits open.

Draw and label this sketch in your notes.

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Filament

Male Parts

This is the fine hair-like stalk that the anther sits on top of.

The part of a stamen that supports the anther of a flower (the stalk of the stamen). Draw and label this sketch in your notes.

Male Parts

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Stamen

This is the male part of the flower. It is made up of the filament and anther, it is the pollen producing part of the plant. The number of stamen is usually the same as the number of petals.

Draw and label this sketch in your notes.

Female Parts

Stigma

 The sticky surface at the top of the pistil.

 It traps and holds the pollen and starts the fertilization process.

Female Parts

Style

 The tube-like structure that holds up the stigma.

Female Parts

Ovary

 The part of a plant, usually at the base of the flower, that has the seeds inside and turns into the fruit that we eat.

Female Parts

Ovule

 The structure in a flower that develops into a seed when fertilized.(egg s)

Female Parts

Carpel/Pistil

The carpel is the female reproductive organ of a flower. It makes the seeds. It is made up of the stigma, style, and ovary. There may be more than one carpel in a flower.

Pollen - powdery grains that contain the male reproductive cells of most plants. Pollen is produced by the anthers.

POLLINATION

Flowering plants use the wind, insects, bats, birds and mammals to transfer pollen.

When pollination occurs, pollen moves from the male parts to the female parts. Pollen grains land on the stigma and a tiny tube grows from it and down the style into the ovary.

The fertilized ovule becomes the seed and the ovary becomes the fruit.

Pollen is the powdery grains that contain male reproductive cells of most plants produced by anther. Flowering plants use the wind , insects bats, birds and mammals to transfer pollen, When pollination occurs, pollen moves from the male parts to the female parts

. Pollen grains land on the stigma and a tiny tube grows from it and down the style into the ovary. The fertilized ovule becomes the seed and the ovary become the fruit.

Pollen grains land on the stigma and a tiny tube grows from it and down the style into the ovary. The fertilized ovule becomes the seed and the ovary become the fruit.

A COMPLETE FLOWER HAS BOTH MALE AND FEMALE PARTS

Anther Filament

Produces pollen Attracts pollinator Female part

Stigma Style Ovary

Produces egg

Petal Sepal

Encloses and Protects Bud

2. pollen tubes grow down stigma to ovary

Mature Pollen Grain Sperm Cells Tube Cell Nucleus

1. pollen grains land on stigma

Stigma

3B: Fusion of 2 nd sperm + two polar nuclei

Sperm Style

3. double fertilization

Ovary Ovule Polar nuclei Egg

3A: Fusion of

POLLINATIO N AND FERTILIZATIO N IN A FLOWER

DEVELOPMENT OF FRUIT AND SEEDS FROM FLOWER PARTS Provides nutrition

Endosperm Triploid Endosperm Cell Ovary Fresh Fruit Integument Diploid Zygote Seed Coat Embryo (new plant)

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Seed = embryo + stored food + seed coat

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Fruit = ovary wall, mechanism for seed dispersal