Transcript Chapter 15--Collapse of Post

CHAPTER FIFTEEN
The West and the Changing Balance of Power
World Civilizations, The Global Experience
AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert
*AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board,
which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power
 I. The Decline of the Old Order
II. The Rise of the West
III. Western Expansion: The Experimental
Phase
IV. Outside the World Network
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power
 Decline of the Old Order
Write 3
Questions from
your reading
notes on this
section of the
chapter
 Abbasids ► Mongols
 Byzantine Empire ► Ottoman Turks 1453
 Social and Cultural Change in the
Middle East
 Religious leaders in control by 1300
 Landlords dominate peasants - Serfdom Economic decline
 Power Vacuum in International
Leadership
 Mongol decline hinders international trade
 Ottomans expanding but not yet an
international power
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power
 Chinese Exploration and
Return to Isolation
 Ming dynasty (1368-1644)
 replaces the Yuan (Mongols
driven back behind the Great
Wall)
 expansionist - Into Mongolia,
Korea, Vietnam, Tibet
 State sponsors commercial
ventures to India, M.E., Africa
 Chinese treasure fleets - Muslim
admiral Zhenghe – 1433 expeditions stopped
 More isolationist – WHY?
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power
The Voyages of Zheng He
 -commanded over 2,000 vessels
 -communication? –bells, drums,
carrier pidgeons, fireworks
 -Yongle Dadian – major
encyclopedia of all Chinese
knowledge contained in 11,095
books
 -ambassadors & translators for
every country/language
 -Gifts aboard: thousands of slave
girls; calendars; navigation maps
 -supplied by water tankers and
grain & horse ships
 -medical officer for every 150 men
 -carried a thousand tons of cargo
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
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Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power
 Rise of the West
Make a connection
between the rise of
the West and prior
civilizations we’ve
studied





Period of relative stagnation 14th - 15th centuries
Aristocracy - court ritual
Military decline
Food supplies insufficient - Famine
1348 - Black Death
 Medieval Europe - Monarchies - Increasingly
centralized
 Aristocracy less of a threat
 Iberia – (Spain & Portugal)
 Catholic Monarchs start Reconquista in Northern Spain
 International Problems for W. Europe
Draw the international
problems facing W.
Europe
 Trade imbalance w/ east for luxury products
 Gold shortage by 1400
 Trade also threatened by Ottomans
 Problems: need gold, need to find a route to Asia, need
to make quality goods
 Solutions?
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power
 The walled city of Carcassone,
France
The
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power
Compare and
contrast chart
Italy
 Secularism - Italian Renaissance
 Italy led the rise of West - 14th century
 Secular approach - Personal fame for artists, writers
 Italian city-states competed amongst themselves to support
better works of art
Iberia

Medici Family - powerful & influential Florentine family
(13th – 17th C)
 produced three popes (Leo X, Clement VII & Leo XI)
 numerous rulers of Florence - Lorenzo the Magnificent patron of some of the most famous works of Renaissance art
 members of the French and English royalty
 dominated their city's gov’t - created an environment where art
& humanism could flourish
 led the birth of the Italian Renaissance
Cosimo de Medici, Duke of
Tuscany, Italy mid 1500s

Human Values and Renaissance Culture
 Humanism - Ambitious, confident mood
 Interest in classical (Greek/Roman) past
 Painters start using perspective, shadow
 More interested in the individual, the human body, human
emotions, etc. - not entirely focused on religion
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
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Iberian
Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power
 -Reconquista starting 11th C
 -Regions of
Castile &
Aragon allied
through
marriage in
1469 –
Ferdinand &
Isabella
PeninsulaReligious Mission
 -Christian
mission to
expel Muslims /
Jews
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power
 The Sistine Madonna by Raphael
 Mona Lisa or La Gioconda (1503–
1505/1507)—Louvre, Paris;
Leonardo da Vinci
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power

The Vitruvian Man (c. 1485) Accademia, Venice; Leonardo da Vinci
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Portrait of a Venetian by Titian
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Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power
Cause / Effect
Chart of Western
Exploration
Islands
Africa
Americas
Polynesia
 Western Expansion: Early
Explorations
 The Genoese Vivaldi brothers (1291)
 disappear after passing Gibraltar
 14th century explorers
 Canary Islands, Madeiras, possibly the
Azores
 Spanish expeditions - west African coast
 Colonialism
 Azores, Madeiras, and Canaries exploited
 Prince Henry of Portugal
 Land grants
 Cash crops for European markets
 Slaves used
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
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Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power
 Outside the World Network
Polynesian Expansion
 Americas & Polynesia not part of
international trade
 Political Issues in the Americas
 Aztec and Inca challenged after 1400
 Aztecs face resistance from subjects
 Inca expansion jeopardizes the state
 Local leaders a threat
 Expansion, Migration & Conquest in
Polynesia, 700-1400
 Migrations, conquest
 Hawaii settled then cut off from Polynesia
 Isolated Achievements by the Maoris
 New Zealand settled – ca. 8th century
 Maori
 Population expansion
 Sophisticated art
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power
Compare Contrast:
 Compare/contrast the impact of Mongols,
Muslims, Byzantines on world trade
 Compare/contrast impact of China on Vietnam,
Korea, or Japan
 Compare/contrast the rise of Mongols,
Byzantines, Muslims
 Compare/contrast the economies of China,
Islam, Byzantine
 Compare/contrast the impact of religion in W.
Europe, E. Europe, China, India, S.W. Asia
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007