Transcript respiratory anatomy

Figure 10.1 The human respiratory system.
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LOWER RESPIRATORY
TRACT
UPPER RESPIRATORY
TRACT
Figure 10.1 The human respiratory system.
Nose
Passageway for air
Nasal cavity
Filters, warms, and
moistens air
1
Mouth
Passageway for food and air
6
2
Pleural membranes
Cover the lungs and line
the chest cavity
3
7
4
5
Intercostal muscle
Moves ribs during
respiration
Rib
8
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Right lung
Left lung
Figure 22.3b The upper respiratory tract.
Pharynx
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
(b) Regions of the pharynx
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Figure 22.3c The upper respiratory tract.
Cribriform plate
of ethmoid bone
Sphenoid sinus
Frontal sinus
Nasal cavity
Nasal conchae
(superior, middle
and inferior)
Nasal meatuses
(superior, middle,
and inferior)
Nasopharynx
Pharyngeal (tubal) tonsil
Opening of auditory
(pharyngotympanic) tube
Uvula
Nostril
Oropharynx
Palatine tonsil
Hard palate
Soft palate
Tongue
Lingual tonsil
Laryngopharynx
Esophagus
Trachea
(c) Illustration
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Larynx
Epiglottis
Vestibular fold
Thyroid cartilage
Vocal fold
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid gland
Hyoid bone
Figure 22.3a The upper respiratory tract.
Olfactory nerves
Olfactory
epithelium
(a) Photograph
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Figure 7.15 Paranasal sinuses.
Frontal
sinus
Ethmoidal
air cells
(sinus)
Sphenoid
sinus
Maxillary
sinus
(a) Anterior aspect
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(b) Medial aspect
Frontal
sinus
Ethmoidal
air cells
Sphenoid
sinus
Maxillary
sinus
Figure 22.4a The larynx.
Epiglottis
Body of hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Laryngeal prominence
(Adam’s apple)
Cricoid cartilage
Tracheal cartilages
(a) Anterior superficial view
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Figure 22.4c The larynx.
Epiglottis
Hyoid bone
Thyroid
cartilage
Glottis
Cricoid
cartilage
Tracheal
cartilages
(c) Photograph of cartilaginous framework of the larynx, posterior view
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Figure 10.4 Structures associated with the production of sound.
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Figure 22.5 Movements of the vocal folds.
Base of tongue
Epiglottis
Vestibular fold
(false vocal cord)
Vocal fold
(true vocal cord)
(a) Vocal folds in closed position;
closed glottis
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(b) Vocal folds in open position;
open glottis
Figure 22.6a Tissue composition of the tracheal wall.
Posterior
Mucosa
Submucosa
Esophagus
Trachealis
muscle
Lumen of
trachea
Seromucous gland
in submucosa
Hyaline cartilage
Adventitia
Anterior
(a) Cross section of the trachea and esophagus
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Figure 22.6b Tissue composition of the tracheal wall.
Mucosa
• Pseudostratified
ciliated columnar
epithelium
• Lamina propria
(connective tissue)
Submucosa
Seromucous gland
in submucosa
Hyaline cartilage
(b) Photomicrograph of the tracheal wall (320x)
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Figure 22.6c Tissue composition of the tracheal wall.
(c) Scanning electron micrograph of
cilia in the trachea (2500x)
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Figure 22.10a Anatomical relationships of organs in the thoracic cavity.
Trachea
Thymus
Lung
Apex of lung
Heart
(in mediastinum)
Diaphragm
Base of lung
Cardiac notch
(a) Anterior view. The lungs flank mediastinal structures laterally.
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Figure 22.7 Conducting zone passages.
Trachea
Middle lobe
of right lung
Superior lobe
of left lung
Left main
(primary)
bronchus
Lobar
(secondary)
bronchus
Segmental
(tertiary)
bronchus
Inferior lobe
of right lung
Inferior lobe
of left lung
Superior lobe
of right lung
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Figure 22.11 A cast of the bronchial tree.
Right lung
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Left lung
Figure 22.10b Anatomical relationships of organs in the thoracic cavity.
Pulmonary
artery
Left main
bronchus
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary
hilum
Aortic
impression
Impression of heart
(b) Photograph of medial view of the left lung.
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Figure 22.10c Anatomical relationships of organs in the thoracic cavity.
Vertebra
Parietal
pleura
Visceral
pleura
Pleural
cavity
Pericardial
membranes
Sternum
Posterior
Esophagus
(in mediastinum)
hilum
• Left main bronchus
• Left pulmonary artery
• Left pulmonary vein
Pulmonary trunk
Heart (in mediastinum)
Anterior
(c) Transverse section through the thorax, viewed from above. Lungs,
pleural membranes, and major organs in the mediastinum are shown.
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Figure 22.8 Respiratory zone structures.
Alveoli
Alveolar duct
Alveolar duct
Respiratory
bronchioles
Terminal
bronchiole
Alveolar
sac
(a)
Respiratory
bronchiole
Alveolar
duct
Alveoli
(b)
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Alveolar
sac
Alveolar
pores
Figure 22.9a Alveoli and the respiratory membrane.
Terminal bronchiole
Respiratory bronchiole
Smooth
muscle
Elastic
fibers
Alveolus
Capillaries
(a) Diagrammatic view of capillary-alveoli relationships
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Figure 10.8a Gas exchange between the blood and alveoli. (3 of 3)
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Figure 22.9c Alveoli and the respiratory membrane.
Red blood
cell
Type I cell
(squamous
epithelial)
Alveolar pores
Capillary
O2
Capillary
CO2
Alveolus
Macrophage
Endothelial cell nucleus
Alveolar
epithelium
Respiratory
membrane
Red blood cell
in capillary
Type II (surfactantAlveoli
secreting) cell
(c) Detailed anatomy of the respiratory membrane
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Capillary
endothelium
Figure 10.8b Gas exchange between the blood and alveoli.
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Figure 10.8a Gas exchange between the blood and alveoli. (2 of 3)
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