Transcript Fibers
Textile Fibers
Chapter 11
Fashion and Interior Design
Page 196-213
Learning Targets
I can classify various fibers and describe
their characteristics, including the process
of creating manufactured fibers.
Vocabulary
Abrasion
Absorbent
Fiber
Generic Name
Luster
Manufactured
Fibers
Microfibers
Natural Fibers
Pill
Resilient
Tensile Strength
Trade Name
What Are Fibers?
Fiber: the basic unit that makes fabric.
Very similar to a very fine strand of hair.
Fibers are usually grouped and twisted
together to form a continuous strand called
a yarn.
By weaving or knitting yarns together,
different textiles can be made.
Classification of Fibers
Natural Fibers: come from natural sources such
as plants and animals.
Manufactured Fibers: made from such
substances as wood pulp, petroleum, natural
gas, air, and water. (man-made or synthetic)
A recent innovation in fiber research is the
microfiber, which is 100 times finer than a strand
of human hair.
Fiber Names
Generic Name: fiber name for a general
classification of fibers of similar composition.
(Cotton, Wool, Nylon, Rayon, Polyester)
A fiber’s general name must be listed on the
label of all textile products according to the
Textile Fiber Products Identification Act.
Trade Name: names for fibers registered as
trademarks and protected by law.
The 11 Characteristics of Fibers
Strength
Tensile Strengths: the ability to
withstand tension or pulling.
Durability
Resiliency
Resilient: able to spring back to
shape after crushing or
wrinkling.
Elasticity
Abrasion Resistance
Abrasion: a worn spot that can
develop when fibers rub against
something.
Pill: form tiny balls of fiber on
fabric.
Wrinkle Resistance
Shape Retention
Luster
Luster: sheen or shine
Absorbency
Absorbent: able to take in
moisture
Wicking
Wicking: the ability to pull
moisture through spaces
between the yarns and away
from the body. (Dry fit)
Washability
Natural Fibers
Plant Fibers:
Cotton, Flax, Ramie
Made from cellulose, a fibrous substance found in plants.
Ramie is a natural fiber with properties of both silk and flax
that comes from the stems of China grass.
Animal Fibers:
Wool, Silk, Cashmere, Angora
All natural fibers are staple fibers except silk, which is a
filament fiber.
Staple Fibers: short fibers measured in inches or
centimeters.
Filament Fibers: a long fiber measured in yards or
meters.
Textile Fibers Identification
Phase I:
Fill out the requested information for each fiber
on your Phase I Fiber Identification Chart using
internet resources.
Example:
Fiber
Name
Advantages
Disadvantages
Care
Uses
Trade Name
Cotton
Extremely versatile;
strong and durable;
comfortable and
soft; absorbs
moisture; doesn’t
cling or pill; dyes
easily
Not resilient or
elastic; wrinkles
unless treated;
shrinks in hot water
unless treated; will
mildew; flammable
Easily laundered at
high temperatures;
can be ironed at
high temperature
Shirts, sweaters,
dresses, jeans,
underwear, socks,
diapers. Towels,
sheets, placemats,
napkins, curtains,
upholstery.
Not Applicable
Textile Fibers Identification
Phase II:
Complete the visual, burning, and chemical
observations for ten fabric samples that contain
100 percent of a given fiber, including 5
manufactured and 5 natural.
Fabric samples, magnifying glasses, tweezers,
Petri dishes, bleach, acetone, a candle, and
aluminum foil will be provided for you to conduct
your identification tests.