Transcript Technology Transfer

Technology Transfer
Professor Richard Modjeski Ph.D.
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Visiting Professor XIMb
25 years U.S. Government
Consultant DARPA
Past Postings
University of Maryland
University of Southern California (USC)
University of Hawaii
Florida Institute of Technology
Technology Transfer
Insertion of New Technology is conflict a
based Activity
Six Forces acting as Stimulus to Change
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Nature of the workforce
Technology
Economic shocks
Social trends
World politics
Technology Transfer
Nature of the workforce
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Increase in professionals
New entrants with little skills
More cultural diversity
Technology
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Faster & cheaper computers
Mobile communication devices (Blackberry)
Technology Transfer
Economic shocks
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Rise and fall of dot.com stocks (dot.gone)
Decline/rise in value of currency
Collapse of Enron Corporation
Competition
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Global competitors
Mergers and consolidations
Growth of e - commerce
Technology Transfer
Social trends
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Internet chat rooms
Retirement of Western Baby Boomers
Urbanization
World politics
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Hostilities in the Middle East
Open markets in China, Europe, USA
War on terrorism after 11.9.01
Technology Transfer
Five Reasons Individual Resist Change
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Habit
Security
Economic Factors (Pay & Performance)
Fear of the Unknown
Selective Information Processing
Technology Transfer
Six Sources of Organizational Resistance to
change
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Structural Inertia (select in/out; Cyber loafing climate)
Limited Focus of change (interdependent Subsystems
– modification of Organization Structure)
Group inertia (Group Think/Shift; Social Loafing)
Threat of Expertise (Job Security)
Threat to Established Power Relationships
(Cronyism, Favoritism)
Threats to Established Resource Allocations
(Budget/Staff Wars)
Technology Transfer
Six Tactics for Overcoming Resistance to
Change involving new technology transfer
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Education and Communication
Participation
Facilitation & Support
Negotiation
Manipulation & Cooptation
Coercion
Technology Transfer
Education & Communication
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Training & Education of Change Agents
Memos, Group Presentations, Reports
Participation
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Opposition brought into decision process
Potential for a poor solution
Facilitation & Support
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Counseling & Therapy
New Skills Training
Technology Transfer
Negotiation
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Exchange something of value for change
Possibility of Blackmail
Manipulation & Cooptation
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Twist & Distort Facts (Manipulation)
“Buy Off” leaders to get endorsement
Change agent may lose creditability
Coercion
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Direct Threats on Resisters (Pay cut; Transfer)
Technology Transfer
Lewin’s Three –Step Model for Change
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Unfreezing: Change effort to overcome
pressures of group resistance & group
conformity
Movement: Change to a New State
Refreezing: Stabilizing a change intervention
by balancing driving force (direct behavior
away from status quo) & restraining forces
(hinder movement from existing equilibrium)
Technology Transfer
Examples of Agents of Technology
Transfer
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Xerox PARC
DARPA
Media Laboratory at MIT
Software Engineering Institute at CMU
Knowledge Based Systems Laboratory at
Stanford University
Technology Transfer
References
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Dressler, G. (1985). Management fundamentals:
Modern principles & Practices (4th edition). Reston,
VA: Reston Publishing Company.
Fishwick, P., & Modjeski, R. (1991). Knowledge –
based simulation: Methodology and Application. New
York: Springer – Verlag.
Robbins, S.P. (2004). Organizational behavior (10th
edition). Delhi: Prentice – Hall of India
Turban, E., Aronson, J.E., & Liang, T-P. (2005).
Decision support systems and intelligent systems (7th
edition). Delhi: Pearson Education.
Technology Transfer
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