Water Footprint & Beneficial Reuse

Economic / Environmental / Social Responsibility

Dr. Rengarajan Ramesh Wasserstein & Co Data for this entire presentation obtained from the publications and papers of Dr. Hoekstra and Dr. Pollack

  Wasserstein & Co. is an independent private equity and investment firm, with offices in New York and Los Angeles. The firm was founded in January 2001 and focuses on middle-market leveraged buyout investments and related investment activities.

Investment Criteria   Transaction: Leveraged buyouts Company Size: ~$10MM+ EBITDA   Industries of Focus: Media and communications, consumer products and water equipment and services Company characteristics: Strong cash flow profile, growth opportunities and experienced management team

Current Portfolio Companies Historical Investments

 Largest independent B2B media company in US covering 17 industries  Premier producer and marketer of branded premium fresh fruit and gourmet foods  Manufacturer of missions critical valves, fittings, tubing and accessories for high pressure applications

North American Leading Ag Publisher

 Critical for Sustaining Life, Plants and this Planet  Limited Supply of Water – 97% in Oceans, 2% in remote areas and < 1% Fresh water available on this planet.

 Fresh water supply is not where it is needed.

 Global Population increase and meat consumption has increased the per capital water consumption globally  Industrial, Agricultural and Human consumption has polluted the fresh water supply around the world.

What we know about Water

 Colorless, Odorless, Tasteless  Three phases – Solid ( Ice), Liquid ( Water) and Gas ( Steam) 

What we know about Water

Jello > 95% Water These hold the clue to better understand Water

Things we do not clearly understand about Water

What is Virtual Water and Water Footprint ?

 1. Virtual Water Footprint and its implications for long term water sustainability  2. Technology Innovations for safe & sustainable reuse of water attachment

Two Focus Areas Reduce & Reuse

IT IS THE TOTAL AREA OF USA & CANADA AND BUILDING A 30 MILE WALL AROUND THIS TO HOLD THE WATER Some Key Facts on Virtual Water

Water Footprint Liters /Kilo of Produce

Water Footprint Vegetarian vs Meat Diet

POPULATION GROWTH

IMPACT ON WATER, FOOD & AGRICULTURE

Population Growth Trends to 2080

Virtual Water Exports

Water Withdrawals Increasing....

American Annual Per Capita Water Withdrawals NOT Sustainable

  USA will maintain its global agricultural production and export leadership in the future exporting “Virtual Water” USA blue water resources are slowly getting depleted – Aquifers levels are dropping    USA industrial water consumption will continue to grow USA population growth especially in Western, Southern USA, continues to challenge the already stressed water resources USA per capita consumption of water is the highest in the world and continues to grow. Population growth will further aggravate the situation unless some changes are implemented.

Water Challenges in the USA

Innovations lead to Sustainable Solutions

         Mono Molecular Graphene Membranes – Lower energy filtration and desalination technologies – Lockheed Martin Patent issued Capturing energy from flowing water in processing plants (Process water, waste water, and influent water) Water Jet cutting and cleaning in poultry and meat processing Waste heat used to purify waste water Cavitation technologies for treating water Pulsed Electric Fields for disinfection Anammox for bio treatment to reduce energy consumption Finally ….... Leverage the 4 th Phase of Water.

Quorum Sensing – Real time Bacteria monitoring and prevention of colonization of bacteria

Emerging Innovations in Water Reuse

Ice – Water – Steam - ???

Is there a 4 th Phase of Water ?

Unique Properties of the Liquid Crystal ' EZ “ Water

Unique Properies of Water in the Exclusion Zone Water is “-” Charged Water has NO “solutes”.

Water has crystal like structure Properties of the bulk water Water is “+” charged Water has solutes Water has constantly changing structure

What is happening to the Water in the Exclusion Zone ?

Leveraging the Exclusion Zone

What is Quorum Sensing ?.

Bacteria use quorum sensing to mastermind behaviors, including • Mating • Releasing toxins • Causing disease (virulence)

Quorum Sensing

The bacteria appear relatively innocuous as they quietly grow in number.

These changes culminate in an infection that can ambush and overwhelm our immune system defenses. When their population reaches a certain level, instant changes occur in their • Behavior • Appearance • Metabolism

How Harmful Bacteria use Quorum Sensing

    I mplement water reduction practices all along the value chain  Drip, Irrigation tiling, treatment and reuse Decentralized treatment and onsite reuse of process water and waste water  Treat and reuse water used in cleaning produce Implement innovative technologies that help reduce the water, energy, waste, and environmental footprint  Reduce energy in pumping, thermal energy used in processing, sterilization, packaging etc.

Enhance food safety / security all along the value chain  High pressure pasteurization

Reduce & Reuse