Respiratory System

Objectives: Describe the structure of the respiratory system.

1.

Analyze the function of the respiratory system. 2.

Respiratory System

 Includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, lungs, and pleura.

Nasal Cavity



Nasal Septum=divides nasal cavities into R and L sides

 Cilia- the hairs in your nose,

trap larger dirt particles.

    Sinuses-

the skull cavities in

Connected to the nasal cavity, by ducts Lined with mucous membrane to warm and moisten air

Sinuses give resonance to the voice.

   

Pharynx The throat

Common passageway for air and food 5” long When food is swallowed, the

Epiglottis closes over the opening to the larynx preventing food from entering the lungs

Meet the Larynx

       Larynx-

voice box

Triangular chamber below the pharynx Within the larynx

are vocal cords

Epiglottis covers larynx during Adam’s apple Produces sound Made of cartilage fibrous plates

Meet the Trachea

    

Windpipe.

4 ½ in. long.

Walls are alternate bands of membrane and

C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

more rigid to keep trachea open and Lined with ciliated mucous membrane.

Coughing and expectoration gets rid of dust-laden mucous.

Did Someone say Bronchi and Bronchioles are next?

  

Lower end of trachea divides into R and L bronchus

Become bronchial tubes and bronchioles as braonches enter lungs Passageway for air from trachea to alveoli in lungs

   

Alveoli

Clusters of thin-walled sacs made of single layer epithelial tissue Inner surfaces covered with Surfactant to keep alveoli from collapsing Each alveolus surrounded by capillaries O 2 and CO 2 exchange alveoli and capillaries (diffusion)

Lovely Lungs

      Fill the thoracic cavity Upper part=apex Lower part=base Lung tissue porous and spongy –it floats R lung=larger and shorter displaced by the liver and

has 3 lobes

L lung smaller displaced by the heart and has

2 lobes

  

Pretty Pleura

Thin, moist slippery membrane that covers the lungs.

Double walled sac.

Space is pleural cavity filled with pleural fluid to prevent friction.

Test your gray matter…..

What structure of the respiratory system is responsible for voice production?

Larynx Which body function is made possible by fibrous plates contained within the cartilage of the larynx?

Speech The respiratory system ends in millions of tiny, thin walled sacs called: Alveoli The windpipe is referred to as the: The wall of the trachea are made more rigid by the presence of: Each lung is divided into two or three parts called: Trachea Rings of Cartilage Lobes What covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the rib cage?

Pleura When the trachea divides to enter both lungs, the tubes that are formed are called: Bronchi

 The partition that separated the nose into right and left cavities is the: Septum  The medical name for the throat is the: Pharynx

Function of the Respiratory System

1.

2.

External respiration, internal respiration , and cellular respiration Production of sound (vocal cords)

Pulmonary Ventilation (Breathing)

Inspiration Inhalation

Intercostal muscles lift ribs outward, sternum rises and the diaphragm contracts and moves downward this increases the volume of the lungs and air rushes in.

Pulmonary Ventilation

 Expiration  Opposite action takes place.

 Exhalation is a passive process

Respiratory Movements

 1 inspiration + 1 expiration=1 respiration 

Normal adult = 14-20

Respirations per minute     Increases with exercise, body temperature, certain diseases.

Age-newborm= 40 60/min

Sleep= respiration

 Emotion can  or  rate

Coughing

  Deep breath followed by forceful expulsion of air –

to clear lower respiratory tract

Hiccups – spasm of the diaphragm and spasmotic closure of the glottis irritation to diaphragm or phrenic nerve.

 Sneezing Air forced through nose to clear respiratory tract  Yawning Deep prolonged breath that fills the lungs, increases oxygen within the blood

Control Breathing

Breathing controlled by neural and chemical factors.

Neural Factors Chemical Factors • Respiratory center located in the Medulla Oblongata •  on CO 2 or  O 2 in the blood will trigger respiratory center • Phrenic Nerve stimulates the diaphragm

Depends on the levels of CO 2 in the blood (respiratory center in the brain)

Chemoreceptors in aorta and carotid arteries sensitive to the amount of blood O 2