Saddam Hussein and Iraq

Early Life and Career

• Saddam Hussein was born in a small village 100 miles from Baghdad • He lived in poor conditions and was abandoned by his dad • Mom remarried and step-dad was cruel to Saddam • At 10 years old, he moved to the city and lived with his uncle who taught him hatred of Western ideas • In 1979, he pushed his cousin out of the presidency and took over • He arrested and killed his enemies including his friends • Set-up security agencies to spy on his own people • His pictures are every where and his birthday is a national holiday • He led a war with Iran that lasted 8 years killing 200,000 Iraqi soldiers • He used (some say tested) biological and chemical weapons on his own people…the Kurds

Saddam Hussein

Genocide of the Kurds •

The New York Times

described in its obituary how Saddam "murdered as many as a million of his people, many with poison gas. He tortured, maimed and imprisoned countless more. • Estimates as to the number of Iraqis executed by Saddam's regime vary from 300,000 –500,000, estimates as to the number of Kurds he massacred vary from 70,000 to 300,000. • Between 1986 and 1989, Saddam Hussein unleashed a genocidal campaign against the Kurdish people of Northern Iraq. He used ground offensives, aerial bombing, systematic destruction of settlements, mass deportation, firing squads, and chemical warfare. Saddam Hussein also captured Kurdish populations and transported them to detention centers. After a few days in these camps, the men accused of being enemies were trucked off to be killed in mass executions.

Statistics

• According to the Human Rights Watch during the genocidal campaign, the Iraqi government: – Destroyed about 4,000 villages (out of 4,655) in Iraqi Kurdistan. Between April 1987 and August 1988, 250 towns and villages were exposed to chemical weapons; – Destroyed 1,754 schools, 270 hospitals, 2,450 mosques, 27 churches; – Wiped out around 90% of Kurdish villages in targeted areas.

A cemetery in a Kurdish village in northern Iraq, holds the remains of nearly 70 people killed in a chemical attack by Saddam Hussein’s military forces on March 22, 1988.

Khawar Mahmoud, 55, pictured with her husband, came to the village three days after the attack and found animals and birds dead on the ground, and her brother badly burned. Her brother lost his pregnant wife and six children in the attack.

A part of Sewsenan that was not rebuilt. Ms. Mahmoud said that after the attacks, doctors treated injured villagers in secret because survivors discovered by Iraqi soldiers were taken away and never seen again.

Archaeologists and physical anthropologists exhumed 114 victims of the Kurdish genocide from a mass grave in the center of Iraq's Muthanna province. Nine other mass graves nearby remain unexcavated.

Persian Gulf War

Countries involved in the war Who vs. Who

• Iraq invades Kuwait for Oil • US and UN coalition (34 other allied nations) will support Kuwait.

Leaders

• Saddam Hussein Iraq • President George Bush (Sr.)

• 1990-1991

Time Period

Location

• Iraq invades Kuwait, US and other UN forces invade through the Persian Gulf

Causes of War

• Saddam Hussein claims to own oil rich land in Kuwait. Uses this excuse to invade Kuwait and claim his land.

Outcome of war

• UN and US force Iraqi troops to withdrawal from Kuwait- It took 100 hours for coalition to WIN • Iraq must get rid of biological weapons and remove ALL nuclear producing facilities • Freedom in Kuwait • Trade embargo with Iraq

Video Clips

• George H. W. Bush’s Declaration (start at 3:20) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hA2jitVn21Q • Overview: 2:55 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIlGF948aDU • Desert Storm- 1991 Overview: 1:45 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJGs2BDKq5g&featur e=related (1:45) • ABC World News Tonight- Start of the Persian Gulf http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOMRPia8NeM&featu re=related (7:24)

What was it like???

• • • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJGs2B DKq5g&feature=related (1:45) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOMRP ia8NeM&feature=related (7:24) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hA2jitVn 21Q&feature=related (start at 3:16 to 5:54)

The IRAQ WAR

The Facts

What It Looks Like…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdY_00N1KL8&feature=results_ video&playnext=1&list=PL0F8F3FFA8097C061 (about 3 min long)

Countries involved

• WHO: The United States vs. Iraq

Time Period

• WHEN: 2003 to 2011

Location

• WHERE: The Middle East – Iraq

IRAQ Operation Iraqi Freedom

WHO: The United States vs. Iraq LEADERS: Presidents George W. Bush & Barack Obama vs. Saddam Hussein

Specifics…

LEADERS

• WHO: President Bush Jr. vs. Saddam Hussein

CAUSES

• WHY: WMDs or Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq – Some say it is over oil – Some say it is Little Bush getting back for his daddy not killing Saddam during the Persian Gulf War of the 1990s – Some say to bring democracy and freedom to the Iraqi people

Remember…..

• After Persian Gulf War, UN told Iraq and Hussein to destroy WMDs • Several times the UN tried to visit Iraq to check on this, but Hussein wouldn’t allow it • After 9/11, Pres. Bush pushed UN to be more forceful • This goes back and forth until late 2002

Final Warnings…

George W. Bush’s Speech (13:29) http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=vr7OKqqTb_o • In early 2003, Pres. Bush and the UN finally get a resolution to allow UN officials to check Iraq for WMDs – this was withdrawn because France and Germany didn’t like it • On March 17, 2003, Bush gives Hussein an ultimatum action – leave Iraq in 48 hours or face military • Within days, USA gets information that Hussein and his top officials are hiding underground

War Begins…

• • • • • On March 20, 2003 at 2:30am in Iraq, USA sends 3 dozen Tomahawk missiles with 1000lb warheads into Baghdad (Iraq’s capital) Within hours more targets are hit and the war, code named started – Operation Iraqi Freedom, has http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= TvaU3ZiBmGw&feature=related (2:23 BBC Live at First Attack) Taking over Baghdad took roughly 21 days It was celebrated around the world when Hussein’s statue was torn down by his own people

FALL OF SADDAM

• Despite hiding out in bunkers and underground (literally), Hussein was captured http://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=nd-1i0bFEv4 (4:51 Saddam’s Last Stand-look at his hideout) • He was put on trial for crimes against humanity and sentenced to death • He was hanged on Dec. 30, 2006

OUTCOME

• 4,800 coalition forces killed---4,500 USA • Final troops came home December 2011 • Democracy in Iraq http://www.usatoday.com/news/ world/iraq/story/2011-12-15/Iraq war/51945028/1 (1:31 taking down flag and speeches)

• What do people think of this war?