Transcript 从属分句

TEM-4语法复习专题
从属分句
Subordinate Clause
从属分句
Subordinate Clause






状语从句 Adverbial Clause
定语从句 Attributive Clause
同位语从句 Appositive Clause
宾语从句 Objective Clause
主语从句 Subjective Clause
表语从句 Predicative Clause
状语从句
Adverbial Clause (of …)









让步状语从句
条件状语从句
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
原因状语从句
结果状语从句
程度状语从句
方式状语从句
目的状语从句
(concession)
(condition)
(time)
(place)
(cause)
(result)
(degree)
(manner)
(purpose)
让步状语从句
Adverbial Clause of Concession
 1）though, although, even if/though引
导
 _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in
sympathy with the working class.
 A) Although he is a socialist
 B) Even if he is a socialist
 C) Being a socialist
 D) Since he is a socialist
 2）as 引导
 Fool ___Jane is, she could not have
done such a thing.
 A. who
B. as
C. that D. like
 作表语用的单数可数名词放句首，前面不加
冠词。
 Child as he is, he knows a lot.
 动词、现在分词放句首，谓语要补加助动词
do/does, will 等。
 Fail as he did, he would never give up.
 Try as you may, you will never succeed.
 as 从句的主语是代词时，主谓不倒装；如果
主语是名词时，可以倒装。
 Difficult as was the work, they finished it
in time.
 Difficult as it was, they finished it in time.
 Young as he is, he is experienced.
 3）while, whereas引导，表示并列的转折。
 ___I sympathize, I can’t really do very
much to help them out of the difficulties.
 A. As long as
B. As
 C. While
D. Even
 4）No matter how / however 引导
 No matter what = whatever
 No matter where = ？
 ___he always tries his best to complete it
on time.
 A. However the task is hard
 B. However hard the task is
 C. Though hard the task is
 D. Though hard is the task
 You can’t come in, whoever you are.
 Don’t believe him, no matter what he
says.




Whether…or… =
no matter whether…or…
I am going whether it is raining or not.
“I hope I can find a good woman, no
matter whether (if) she is handicapped
or not,” he said.
 5) 其它引导短语：granted/granting that,
admitting (that), in spite of /despite the
fact that
 Granted that he has enough money to
buy the house, it doesn’t mean he’s
going to do so.
 He went out in spite of the fact that he
had a bad cold.
条件状语从句
Adverbial Clause of Condition
 引导词有：if, unless, provided/ providing
(that), so/as long as, on condition that,
suppose/ supposing (that), given that, in
case that, in the event that.
 This is an illness that can result in total
blindness ___ left untreated.
 A. after
B. if
C. since
D. unless
 Supposing/ suppose he can’t come, who
will do the work?
 She will go providing/ provided her
friends can go also.
 In the event that our team wins, there will
be a celebration.
 In case it rains, do not expect me.
 Take a raining coat with you in case it
should rain.
时间状语从句
Adverbial Clause of Time
 引导词有：when, whenever, after, as,
while, since, before, until, as soon as,
now that, once, directly等。
 ____ to sleep than the telephone rang
once more.
 A) Hardly he had gone
 B) No sooner had he gone
 C) Not until he went
 D) Scarcely did he go
 Hardly /Scarcely… when 和 No sooner…
than
 She comes to me whenever she feels
lonely.
 Once you object to a man, everything he
does is wrong.
 Now (that) you mention it, I do remember.
 Directly he was out of sight of her, he
wanted to see her.
 I didn’t wait a moment, but came
immediately you called.
 The minute/ moment/ day, the first/
second/last time, each/every/next time
都可引导时间状语从句。
 The day he returned home, his father
was already dead.
地点状语从句
Adverbial Clause of Place




where, wherever, anywhere 引导
I’ll take you anywhere you like.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Put in articles where necessary in the
following passages.
原因状语从句
Adverbial Clause of Cause
 引导词有：because, as, since, for, on the
ground that, in that, now that
 I came to see you on the ground that Mr.
Anderson said that you were interested
in our project.
 This is not a good plant for your garden
in that its seeds are poisonous.
 Now that you are all here, let’s try and
reach a decision.
结果状语从句
Adverbial Clause of Result
 so that , such that, with the result that
引导
 I was in the bath, with the result that I
didn’t hear the telephone.
 His anger was such that he lost
control of himself.
程度状语从句
Adverbial Clause of Degree
引导词有： so that, such that, as/so far
as, as long as, to the degree/ extent
that, in so far as, etc.
At that time politicians were not known
to the degree they are today.
I’ll help you in so far as I can.
方式状语从句
Adverbial Clause of Manner
 引导词有：as, as if/though, the way, how
 She did her work ___her manager had
instructed.
 A. as
B. until
C. when D. though
 Do it the way you were taught.
 Do it how you can.
 He paused as if expecting her to speak.
 比较状语从句也是一种方式状语从句。
 He woke up as suddenly as he had
fallen asleep.
 I have never seen so much rain as fell
that February.
 I can walk faster than you can run.
 You are a little heavier than when I
saw you last.
定语从句
Attributive Clause
 which, that, who/whom 用法区别
 先行词是不定代词时（all, much, none, any,
something, everything 等）， 只能用that
引导。
 That’s all (that) I can do.
 先行词是anyone, everyone, somebody等
时， 关系代词多用who 或 whom。
 Is there anyone here who can dance?
 先行词被形容词最高级及first, last, only,
very, no 等修饰时，关系代词用that。
 He is the only person that I dislike in our
class.
 先行词包括人和物时，关系代词用that。
 A victim is a person, animal or thing that
suffers pain, death, harm, etc.
 as 同such, the same, as (so)连用，引导限
定性定语从句。
 Such people as wish to leave may do so
now.
 Where = in/ at/ on +which
 This company has now introduced a
policy ____ pay rises are related to
performance at work.
 A) which
B) where
 C) whether
D) what
同位语从句
Appositive Clause
 接同位语从句的词有：answer, belief,
concept, decision, discovery, problem,
promise, statement, probability 等。
 同位语从句多由that 引导，疑问代词who,
which, what 和疑问副词where, when, how,
why 也可以。
 The news that he has won the game is
exciting.
 It is the question where we should have
dinner.
宾语从句
Objective Clause
 引导词有：that, what, which, where, how,
why, whether, if, whatever, whichever,
whoever。
 I’ll do whatever you want (me to).
 “be+形容词” 后跟的从句
 afraid, sorry, sure, glad, disappointed,
etc.
 I am surprised ____ this city is a dull
place to live in.
 A) that you should think
 B) by what you are thinking
 C) that you would think
 D) with what you were thinking
主语从句
Subjective Clause
 That they were in truth sisters was clear
from the facial resemblance between
them.
 Whoever comes is welcome.
 It’s said that he had made a mistake.
 How strange it is that the children are so
quiet!
表语从句
Predicative Clause
 用在be动词或连系动词后(look, remain,
sound等)。
 The question is how he did it.
 The trouble is that I have lost his
address.
 He looked just as he had looked ten
years before.
 Twelve is to three___ four is to one.
 A) what B) as C) that D) like
Practice
 Above the trees are the hills, _____
magnificence the river faithfully reflects
on the surface.
 A) where
B) of whose
 C) whose
D) which
 He is quite worn out from years of hard
work. He is not the man ____ he was
twenty years ago.
 A) which B) that C) who D) whom
 Intellect is to the mind ___sight is to the
body.
 A. what
B. as
C. that
D. like
 Barry had an advantage over his mother
___he could speak French.
 A. since that
B. in that
 C. at that
D. so that
 It is not so much the language ___ the
cultural background that makes the
book difficult to understand.
 A. but
B. nor
C. as
D. like
 He’s ___ as a “bellyacher” —— he’s
always complaining about something.
 A. who is known B. whom is known
C. what is known D. which is known