Transcript unit 1
College English Book Three
（
全新版）大学英语
3
School of Foreign Studies
外国语学院
Unit One
Changes in the Way We Live
School of Foreign Studies
Where do you prefer to live or work after graduation? And give reasons.
a large city a small-medium city a countryside
Would you like to describe your dream life ?
Text A
Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life
Contents
•
Global Understanding
•
Cultural Notes
•
Detailed Study
•
Summary
•
Exercises
•
Assignments
Global Understanding
Writing Technique The author writes his piece in a clear and logical way. In many instances he employs the pattern of “ one topic sentence
＋
several detail sentences ” structure. It’s easy for readers to grasp the main idea.
Sometimes the detail sentences run parallel to each other, In some other paragraphs the detail sentences have their own hierarchy . Besides there are transitional devices between detail sentences, the most frequently used one of which is time words or phrases .
Text Organization
Part I (Paras 1-3)
Happiness the author and his family have experienced in the country
Part II (Paras 4-7)
Hardships the author and his family have suffered in the country
Part III (Paras 8-11)
Ways the author and his family have employed to overcome difficulties in the country
Part IV (Paras 12-15)
Qualities people needed to live in the country
Cultural Notes
Ivy League
Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island 布朗大学
Columbia University in New York City 哥
伦比亚大学
Cornell University in Ithaca, New York;
康乃
尔大
学
Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire 达特茅斯学院
Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts 哈佛大学
University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia
宾夕法尼亚大学
Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey
普林斯 顿大学
Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut 耶 鲁大学
E.B.White
Letter from E.B. White
Dear Reader: I receive many letters from children and can't answer them all -- there wouldn't be time enough in a day. That is why I am sending you this printed reply to your letter. I'll try to answer some of the questions that are commonly asked.
Where did I get the idea for Stuart Little and for Charlotte's Web? Well, many years ago I went to bed one night in a railway sleeping car, and during the night I dreamed about a tiny boy who acted rather like a mouse. That's how the story of Stuart Little got started.
Letter from E.B. White
As for Charlotte's Web, I like animals and my barn is a very pleasant place to be, at all hours. One day when I was on my way to feed the pig, I began feeling sorry for the pig because, like most pigs, he was doomed to die. This made me sad. So I started thinking of ways to save a pig's life. I had been watching a big grey spider at her work and was impressed by how clever she was at weaving. Gradually I worked the spider into the story that you know, a story of friendship and salvation on a farm. Three years after I started writing it, it was published. (I am not a fast worker, as you can see.)
Detailed Study
Part I (Paras 1-3) Happiness the author and his family have experienced in the country
A
Content Questions
B
Idiomatic Expression
C
Language Focus
Content Questions 1. What are the two things that the writer has always wanted to do? write live on a farm 2.Why does the writer think that his life in the country is of the self-reliant type and satisfying?
fruits and vegetables; hens; bees; wood in the summer; in the winter; get excited; we love; we watch
过得去；尚可 多年的惆怅失望 寻觅到心灵的满足 自力更生的生活 令人满足的生活 提供 河上泛舟
Idiomatic Expression
get by years of frustration find contentment a self-reliant life a satisfying life provide with canoe on the river
A Self-reliant Life in the Country
A Self-reliant Life in the Country
A Satisfying Life in the Country
A Satisfying Life in the Country
过得去；尚可 多年的惆怅失望 自力更生的生活 令人满足的生活 提供 河上泛舟
Idiomatic Expression
get by years of frustration a self-reliant life a satisfying life provide with canoe on the river
Language Focus I am not in E.B.White’s class as a writer or in my neighbors’league as a farmer, but I’m getting by .
( para.1)
作为作家，我和怀特不属同一等级，作为农场主，我 和乡邻也不是同一类人，不过我应付得还行。
get by
1.pass or move in front of
通过，经过 , 走过
2.escape potentially unpleasant consequences
过得去：尚可
The man moved aside to let the lady get by .
It is impossible to get by CET-4 by cramming at the last minute.
想要临时抱佛脚来混过大学英语四级考试是不可能 的。
Language Focus After years of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country.(Para.1)
在城市和郊区历经多年的惆怅失望之后，我和妻子桑 迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。
contentment : n. happiness with one’s situation in life
满足,满意
Happiness consists in contentment.
幸福在于知足/知足常乐。
find contentment in sth/doing sth I find contentment in cooking and enjoying delicious food with my friends.
Language Focus We cut enough wood to just about make it through the heating season.(Para.2)
我们还自己动手砍柴，足可供过冬取暖之用。
make it : [inf] be successful; fulfill the purpose 成功;达到预定目标
Stick to it and you'll make it .
坚持下去, 就会成功。
I want to make it as a writer.
我想在写作上获得成功。
The train goes at10.15. I think we shall make it .
火车十点一刻开，我想我们能赶上。
Part II (Paras 4-7) Hardships the author and his family have suffered in the country
A
Content Questions
B
Idiomatic Expression
C
Language Focus
Content Questions 1. Is life in the country easy for the writer and his family? Give examples.
Three months ago; three months from now; recently; soon; later this month
Content Questions 2.What was their first winter like? Why did the author say it was unforgettable?
3.What happened when the first spring came? Of the two floods the author describes, what does the second one actually refer to?
搬运木柴 翻修后屋顶 日常家务 时时，有时 填满，充满 一堆堆
Idiomatic Expression
haul firewood retile the back roof household routine now and then fill up with piles of
Language Focus The youngest of our four children will help me make some long-overdue improvements on the outdoor toilet that supplements our indoor plumbing when we are working outside. (Para.4)
四个孩子中的两个小的，会帮着我一起把拖了很久 没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是为室外干活而另外 建的。
overdue
: a. past due; not paid at the scheduled time; being sth. that should have occurred earlier 迟到的,延误的;过期的, 到期未付的 早应完成的，早应发生的
The aircraft is overdue
飞机晚点几小时。
by several hours.
The library called in all overdue books.
图书馆要求把所有逾期未还的书收回。
Your books are two days overdue .
您的书过期两天了。
supplement: v. add as a supplement to what seems insufficient
增补, 补充 n.
textual matter that is added onto a publication; usually at the end
增刊,附录
They had to get a job to supplement the family income.
他们不得不找一份工作以贴补家庭收入。
A supplement to this dictionary may be published next year.
该词典的补编或许将于明年出版。
Part III (Paras 8-1) Ways the author and his family have employed to overcome difficulties in the country Content Questions Idiomatic Expression Language Focus
Content Questions How do the writer and his family manage to live on a comparatively low income in the country?
1.The author writes various stories for magazines and newspapers.
2. They cut back the routine expenses without appreciably lowering the standard of living 3. They cautiously choose the insurance item.
Idiomatic Expression
通过，度过 认真考虑 辞职 总的来说 除了
,
除
…
以外（还有） 当说到，当涉及到 外出吃饭
get through think seriously about quit one’s job on balance aside from When it comes to dine out
Language Focus There have been a few anxious moments since then, but on balance things have gone much better that we had any right to expect.(Para.9)
那以后有过一些焦虑的时刻，但总的来说，情况比我 预料的要好得多。
on balance : with all things considered
全面考虑之后, 总的说来
The boy has a lot of disadvantages, but on balance I think he is still a good boy.
这个男孩有很多缺点，但全面考虑，我认为他仍然 是好孩子。
On balance , joint ventures appeal to me more than state-owned enterprises.
总的来说，合资企业比国有企业更吸引我。
Language Focus 2. Extravagant Christmases are a memory, and we combine vacations with assignment.(Para.11) We no longer have extravagant Christmases, and when a magazine sends me somewhere on an assignment to write something, I will take my family along. By doing son, we can save some money while enjoying sort of a vacation.
Part IV (Paras12 -15) Qualities people needed to live in the country Content Questions Idiomatic Expression Language Focus
Content Questions 1. What does the writer think are the special qualities necessary for leading a life the way they do?
2. How does the writer think he and his family will feel when they have to leave the farm someday?
3. What did the writer and his family choose to live in the country for? Have they finally realized their dream?
两个；几个 耐得住寂寞 参加 自豪感 赚一大笔钱 老式的野餐
Idiomatic Expression
a couple of tolerance for solitude be involved in a sense of pride make a fair profit an old-fashioned picnic
Language Focus The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices. (Para.13)
小范围里实现自给自足的途径是抵制诱惑，不去购置 拖拉机和其他昂贵的节省劳力的机械。
temptation : the desire to have or do something that you know you should avoid
诱惑, 引诱;诱惑物, 煽诱人的事物
She yielded to temptation and had another chocolate.
她禁不住诱惑，又吃了一块巧克力。
The bag of sweets on the table was too strong a temptation for the child to resist.
桌上那包糖果对那孩子是个难以抗拒的诱惑。
to resist temptation
不受引诱
/be superior to temptation
受诱惑
fall into temptation ; be lured
Summary he The author may not be a born farmer, but gets by (1) without too much trouble. That first hard winter he faced must have left him with the temptation (2) to give up and go back to the city. But he managed to losing Heart. He’s get through (3) it without picked up (4)a lot of skills since then and made some real improvements (5) to his farm, though without much laborsaving machinery, aside from that old rotary cultivator.
Summary I suspect (7) he doesn’t make all that much, though he does have his writing to supplement (8) what little profit (9) he makes from the farm. I guess he does it primarily (10) for the quality of life. Certainly, they seem a happy family and you can often see them out working together. One day spraying (11)apple trees, the next stacking (12) firewood.
Exercises
I. Vocabulary 1 . 1) Insurance 2) On balance 3) aside from 4) cut back 5) resist 6) haul 7) supplemented 8) sprayed 9) wicked 10) illustrated 11) budget 12) digest 13) boundary 14) get by 15) at that point
I. Vocabulary 2. 1) cut back/down 2) pick up 3) get by 4) get through 5) face up to 6) turn in 7) turning out 8) think up
Vocabulary 3. 1) While farming, Benneker pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy. 2) Misused words often generate misleading thoughts. 3) Lafayette Hotel is patronized by international celebrities drawn to its French food and service.
4) A person who thinks that money will do everything may well be suspected of doing everything for money.
5) A person surely has to face a good many bitter disappointments before he gets through life.
I. Vocabulary 4. 1) Seeing that more and more people are concerned about the quality of their indoor environments, John is considering starting an interior decoration business. It seems certain to earn a profit , but he does not yet have enough money to invest in it.
2) This device is primarily used for the improvement of the sound quality of electronic media. It was invented in the US, but now it is used on a global scale .
3) When the first settlers came to America, their household utensils consisted of a few pots, pans and some bowls stacked in one corner of the house. There wasn't much material temptation around them. They never dined out in a restaurant as we often do nowadays.
doubt & suspect
doubt 与 一 suspect 作 动词用 , 都有 “ 怀疑 ” 的意思
.
如果后面接名
词、代词或名词性词组时，两者基本上可通用。
I doubt/suspect the truth of her statement. 我 对她那番话的真实性表示怀疑。 He says he can cure me, but I still doubt/suspect him. 他 说他能治好我的病，但我仍对他不放心。 二
.
如果后面接 不相信（
that
从句，意思就截然不同。
suspect
意
为 “
有存在或属
实的想法；相信（ existence; believe; guess
）
”
，
怀疑其有。 doubt
意
为 “
无把握；
question the truth of; don't believe/think
）
”
，
怀疑其无。 have an idea of the
I doubt that he has stolen my watch. 我不相信他 偷了我的手表。 I suspect that he has stolen my watch. 我 怀疑 / 猜想他 偷了我的手表。 The doctor suspected that he was ill with flu. 医生 怀疑 / 认为他得了流感。
doubt & suspect
这时 doubt
更多用于否定句或疑
问句中。
I don't doubt that he is right. 我确信他是 对的。 I didn‘t doubt that he would come. 我当 时相信他会来的。 Why did she doubt that they were cheats ？ 她 为什么怀疑他们 是 骗子？ 三
. doubt
意
义与 about that
从句不同，
这时意为 “
不敢肯定（ ）
”
用于肯定句中 。而
时，多接 whether/if
引
导的从句， suspect
不可接
这种从句。 feel uncertain
I doubt whether/if he'll come. 我不敢肯定他来不来。 It's raining hard. I doubt whether it will be fine tomorrow. 雨下得很大，我不敢 说明天会晴。
doubt & suspect
四 . 其他搭配。
doubt
可作不及物
动词， doubt of sth
；
suspect : suspect sth to be
，
suspect sb of
（
doing
）
sth
She never doubted of his success. 她从不 怀疑他的成功。 I suspected him to be the spy. 我 认为他就是那个间谋。 What made you suspect her of having taken the money ？ 你凭什么 怀疑钱是她偷的？
II. Confusable Words 1.
1) house 2) Home 3) home, family 4) Household 2.
1) doubt 2) suspected 3) doubted 4) suspected 5) suspect
III. Word Formation 1)rise 2) final 3) Regular 4)cash 5) how, why 6) upped 7) yellowed 8) bottled 9) lower 10) search
Structure 1.
1) when it comes to changing your life 2) when it comes to such matters as keeping the room tidy 3) when it comes to emotional intelligence 4) when it comes to managing minor matters
Structure 2.
1) Not everyone agrees on what is right and what is wrong 2) but, unfortunately, money isn't everything 3) not all Americans like them 4) Not all people share the same interests
Cloze (A) 1. gets by 2.temptation 3. get through 4. picked up 5. improvements 6. aside from 7. suspect 8.supplement 9. profit 10. primarily 11. spraying 12. stacking (B) 1. While 2. escape 3. begin 4.Because/As 5. quit 6. start 7. on 8.but (also) 9. be 10. close 11.have
12. cutting 13. cook/prepare 14.
15.however 16. family cities
Translation A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened / set up a household equipment store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily because of/owing to/due to their desire to improve the quality of their lives.
But, to run a small business is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses.
Translation Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed. Once she could not even pick up the phone bill and had to ask her parents to loan her some money.
Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life.
Text B
American Family Life: The Changing Picture
Pre-reading Task: In text B the author Donna Barron describes how American family life has changed in recent years. She identifies three forces at work.Read on to find out: (1) What are they? (2) Are similar forces at work within in China?
(3) Will family life here end up going in the same direction?
While-reading Task Comprehension Check : 1. a 2. c 3. d 4. b 5.a 6.c
While-reading Task
Translation:
1.什么？你说那听起来不像你府上的生活？其实，不仅仅是你 一个这么想。事实上，大多数人很可能都跟你一样这么的。 2. 例如，《交给比弗吧》一剧中妈妈带着珍珠项链、穿着高 跟鞋做家务。爸爸整个周末都穿着西装，戴着领带。 3.要是网络电视或有线电视没有中意的节目，录像制品商店可 提供好莱坞制作的品质迥异的各种节目：新进发行的电影、 动画片、“成人”电影、体育锻炼节目、旅游、体育及入门 指 南录像带。 4.如今，妈妈在看她的有线电视销售服务节目的时候，爸爸可 能想租一部动作片。而在姐姐想看《辛普森一家》时，弟 弟妹妹却在玩《让我们炸毁土星》的电子游戏。
While-reading Task Language Practice 1. In addition 2. roast 3. percentage 4. entertainment 5. cable 6. at one time 7. get along 8. missed out on 9. whip up 10. as a result 11. commute 12. rent 13. taken over 14. make sense 15. mushroomed 16. go with 17. fried 18. dizzy 19. array 20.gasped
Post-reading Task Group discussion: 1)What do you know about family life in your parent's childhood?
2) What is home life like in your family today?
3) What are the forces that have helped bring about changes in Chinese family life?
Assignment
:
Based on the discussion, write an essay entitled: Recent Changes in Chinese Family Life
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