File - MUN VAWT DESIGN
Download
Report
Transcript File - MUN VAWT DESIGN
Design of a Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine
MUN VAWT DESIGN
Group 11
Jonathan Clarke
Luke Hancox
Daniel MacKenzie
Matthew Whelan
Agenda
Phase 1
Project Goals & VAWT Benefits
Configuration
Design Selection
Phase 2 & 3
Aerodynamic Analysis
Structural Analysis
Mechanical Components
Economic Analysis
Image Credits: The Telegram
Problem Definition and Goals
Problem Definition
Design a VAWT for operation in remote communities in Newfoundland
and Labrador.
The turbine should:
Work in conjunction with diesel generators
Simple design to reduce manufacturing costs and maintenance issues
Produce at least 100 kW of power at rated wind speed
Able to account for variable wind conditions in the target area
Project Scope
The project will examine the following aspects of the VAWT
design:
Detailed structural design and analysis
Detailed aerodynamic simulation using computational fluid dynamics
Basic vibrational analysis
Modelling and engineering drawings of mechanical and structural
components
Economic analysis
Why a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine?
Heavy drivetrain components are located at the
base
Easier to maintain
They operate from winds in any direction
No yaw system required
Generate less noise than horizontal-axis
turbines
Concept Selection: VAWT Configurations
Two main configurations: Savonius and Darrieus
Savonius is drag driven
Low efficiency
Darrieus is lift driven
High efficiency
Concept Selection: VAWT Configurations
Two main configurations: Savonius and Darrieus
Savonius is drag driven
Low efficiency
Darrieus is lift driven
High efficiency
Concept Selection: Darrieus Configurations
Simple
Complex
Less Efficient
H-Rotor
More Efficient
Full Darrieus
Helical
Concept Selection: Darrieus Configurations
Simple
Complex
Less Efficient
H-Rotor
More Efficient
Full Darrieus
Helical
Concept Selection: Airfoil Profiles
Extra thickness – increases blade strength
Higher CL,Max for positive angles of attack
Concept Selection: Number of Blades
Capital Cost
Symmetrical Loading
Torque Ripple
Concept Selection: Number of Blades
Capitol Cost
Symmetrical Loading
Torque Ripple
Concept Design
Criteria
Optimal Choice
Alternatives
Configuration
H-Rotor Darrieus
Full Darrieus, Helical Darrieus, Savonius
# of Blades
3
2 to 4
Airfoil
DU 06-W-200
NACA-Series Airfoils
Aerodynamic Design
Preliminary sizing: 320 m2 swept area
From wind power density formula:
W/m2
= ½ ρavg cP V3
Sizing
Analytical analysis using QBlade
Developed torque and power curve
Validation using lift & drag equations
Validation using ANSYS CFX
Validation
Fl = ½ ρavg A cl W2
QBlade Results
Cut-In
Speed:
7 km/h
Rated
Power:
100 kW @
40 km/h
Max Power:
130 kW @
50 km/h
Cut-Out
Speed:
94 km/h
ANSYS CFX Setup
Used 2D simulation
Sacrifices some accuracy for reduced
computational demand
Sufficient to validate QBlade results
Fine mesh near airfoils to capture boundary
layer effects
Mesh refinement study carried out
ANSYS CFX Results
Average power: 145 kW at peak operating condition
Does not account for blade tip losses
Sufficient to validate QBlade results
Dynamic Model
Suitable under variable wind conditions
Wind Speed Profile
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
0
2
4
6
8
10
Structural Design
Composite Blade Design
E-Glass Fibre and Epoxy
Hollow Square Shape
Wall Thickness: 50 mm
Length: 20 m
Fibreglass Layers: 386
Strut Design
Hollow Cylindrical Shaft
AISI 1045 Cold Drawn Steel
Outer Diameter: 36 cm
Inner Diameter: 28 cm
Length: 7.6 m
Structural Design
Hub Column Design
AISI 1045 Cold Drawn Steel
Outer Diameter: 0.6 m
Inner Diameter: 0.55 m
Length: 8.5 m
Tower Design
A35 Structural Steel
8 meter lengths
Outer Diameter: 3 m
Inner Diameter: 2.95 m
Vibrations
At 40 RPM, the aerodynamic and centripetal forces alternate 3 times / cycle
Operating Frequency (@ 40 RPM) = 2 Hz
Maximum Vortex Shedding Frequency = 1.3 Hz
Component
Natural Frequency
Tower
3.4 Hz
Struts
2.5 Hz
Blades
3.3 Hz
Drive Shaft
283 RPM (critical speed)
Vibrations
Struts
Blades
Tower
Mechanical Components
Drive Shaft
Outer Diameter: 406.4 mm
Inner Diameter: 355.6 mm
Length: 7 m
Bearings
Tapered Roller Bearing
Bore: 406.4 mm
Outer Diameter: 546.1 mm
Life Span: >20 years
Mechanical Coupling
RB Flexible Coupling
Braking and Control
Dynamic braking used to control speed in high winds
Dissipates excess power through a network of resistors
External-contact drum brakes used for shutdown
Spring-applied, electrically released
Fail-safe operation
Compressed air starting system
Cheap and reliable
SIBRE Siegerland Bremsen GmbH
Generator
Low-speed permanent-magnet generator
Eliminates need for a gearbox
Units are typically custom-built for specific applications
Rated speed can be as low as 10 rev/min
Sicme Motori Srl
Economic Analysis
Estimated Capital Cost
$425 000.00
Quotes
Maintenance Cost per year
VAWT Turbine - $10 000.00
Diesel Generators - $86 380.00
Projected Fuel Cost of 2015
$3 630 967.00
Payoff Period
~1M dollars saved annually for an installation of 5 turbines
3 Years
Future Work
Full 3D CFD analysis
Structural Dynamic Model
Foundation / Civil Work
Control System Design
Full Scale Testing
Conclusion
Goal: Design a simple, robust
vertical-axis wind turbine for
use in remote communities
Project goals were met
VAWT design is a viable option to provide
power to remote communities
MUN VAWT DESIGN
ENGI 8926 Mechanical Design Project II
QUESTIONS?
http://www.munvawtdesign.weebly.com
Acknowledgements:
Thank you to Dr. Sam Nakhla for guidance on structural analysis.