Platyhelminthes, Nematodes, molluscs
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Transcript Platyhelminthes, Nematodes, molluscs
BSC 2011L
Animal Characteristics
Symmetry
Radiata – radial symmetry, diploblastic (2
tissues)
Bilateria – bilateral symmetry, triploblastic
Body Cavity
Acoelomates – no cavity
Psuedocoelomates – false coelom, not
completely lined by mesoderm derived tissue
Coelomates – true coelom, room for organs in
body cavity lined with mesoderm tissue
Protostomes – 1st embryonic opening becomes mouth
Deuterostomes – 1st embryonic opening becomes anus
Animal Taxonomy (cont.)
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
○ Invertebrates
Parazoa
Emetazoa – true tissues, symmetry
- RADIATA – radial symmetry
- BILATERIA – bilateral symmetry, triploblastic
- Acoelomates
• Phylum Platyhelminthes – flatworms
▪ Class Turbellaria – free living, Planaria
▪ Class Tremetoda – flukes, Fasciola hepatica
▪ Class Cestoda – tapeworms
- Pseudocoelomates
• Phylum Nematoda – roundworms, Ascaris
• Phylum Rotifera – rotifers
- Coelomates
• Protostomes – 1st opening becomes mouth
▪ Phylum Mollusca
• Class Polyplacophora – chitins
• Class Gastropoda – anails
• Class Bivalvia – Clams, scallops
• Class Cephalopoda – octopus, squid
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flatworms
Can be free living
or parasitic
Hermaphroditic
Acoelomates
○ One opening
Digestion –
gastrovascular
cavity
Circulation –
gastrovascular
cavity
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Class Turbullaria
Animal:
Symmetry:
Body cavity:
Digestion:
Circulation:
Segmentation:
Appendages:
Nervous:
Habitat:
Respiration:
Excretion:
Locomotion:
Support:
Planaria
Bilateral
acoelomate
gastrovascular cavity
gastrovascular cavity
none
none
brain, 2 ventral nerve cords, ladder-like
aquatic
diffusion
flame cells
muscles
none
Planaria model
Phylum Nematoda
Aquatic habitats, damp soil
Parasitize both plants and animals
Pinworms and hookworms cause intestinal
problems in humans and other animals
Trichonella causes trichonosis (attaches to
intestinal wall and robs host of nutrients)
One species causes what we call
elephantiasis
Digestion – mouth and anus
Circulation - none
Phylum Nematoda
Phylum Nematoda
Animal:
Symmetry:
Body cavity:
Digestion:
Circulation:
Segmentation:
Appendages:
Nervous:
Habitat:
Respiration:
Excretion:
Locomotion:
Support:
Roundworm
bilateral
pseudocoelomate
mouth and anus
none, fluid in pseudocoel
none
none
dorsal and ventral nerve cord
parasitic
diffusion through body surface
2 lateral tubes
longitudinal muscles, whipping motion
hydrostatic skeleton, pseudocoel
Phylum Rotifera
Rotifers
Freshwater animals – zooplankton
Phylum Mollusca
Mostly marine but some
are freshwater and
terrestrial
3 part body
Muscular foot –
locomotion
Visceral mass – internal
organs
Mantle – encloses
visceral mass and may
secrete shell
Digestion – complete
Circulation – open
(except for cephalopods
that are closed)
Phylum Mollusca
Class Polyplacophora
“many plated”
Chitins
Phylum Mollusca
Class Gastropoda
“stomach foot:
Phylum Mollusca
Class Bivalvia
Phylum Mollusca
Class Cephalopoda
“Head-foot”
Phylum Mollusca
Class Bivalvia
Animal:
Symmetry:
Body cavity:
Digestion:
Circulation:
Segmentation:
Appendages:
Nervous:
Habitat:
Respiration:
Excretion:
Locomotion:
Support:
Clam
bilateral
coelomate – protostome
complete, filter feeders
open, blue blood, heart, blood vessels
none
none
3 ganglia connected by nerves
aquatic
gills
nephridia in kidney
muscular foot
shell
Clam model
Phylum Mollusca
Class Cephalopoda
Animal:
Symmetry:
Body cavity:
Digestion:
Circulation:
Segmentation:
Appendages:
Nervous:
Habitat:
Respiration:
Excretion:
Locomotion:
Support:
squid
bilateral
coelomate – protostome
complete, beak jaws
closed, 3 hearts
none
8 arms, 2 tentacles
brain of 3 fused ganglia, eye
aquatic
gills
nephridia in kidney
muscular mantle, jet propulsion
shell reduced to pen
What we are doing today:
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Look at specimens on
benches from all classes
Planaria model
○ Know following parts: eye
spot, pharynx, ovary,
testis, flame cell, brain
Planaria – microscope
#29, 30
Phylum Nematoda
Look at specimens on lab
bench
Ascaris – microscope # 31,
34
Phylum Rotifera
Microscope # 46
Phylum Mollusca
Look at specimens from
all classes
Learn clam model
○ Refer to page 315 and
316
○ Know following parts:
Foot, gill, gonad,
intestine, mouth,
stomach, anus,
kidney, mantle