Chapter 9 Section 1
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Transcript Chapter 9 Section 1
Chapter 9
Section 1
The Early
Americas
Ummmmmmmm…
What value would a Wooly Mammoth have
to the natives?
What was going on?
While civilizations were developing over in
Europe, Asia, and Africa, there were also
developments in the “The Americas”
Americas = North America, Central America, and
South America
The first Americans came from ASIA.
How did they get to the Americas?
The earliest civilizations arrived in the
Americas via a LAND BRIDGE, known as
BERINGIA.
Beringia was a space between Asia and
Alaska. (This is the modern-day Bering
Straight.)
Historians are unsure about the exact time
that the migration to the Americas took
place.
What type of people were migrating?
The people were Hunter-Gatherers.
Their most valuable prey was the mammoth:
– Mammoths weighed more than 14,000 lbs.
– Provided meat, hide, bones for food, clothing, shelter, and tools
– Some historians say that early people followed the mammoths to
the Americas
After the people were here for a while, they began to turn
toward AGRICULTURE.
– What did they grow and eat? Squash, gourds, beans, avocados,
chilies, and MAIZE.
Maize = Corn
The Effects of Agriculture
Before Agriculture
Development
People were mainly
Hunters
Migrated to find food
Groups stayed small and
unorganized
Most of their time was
devoted to finding food
After Agriculture
Development
Steady source of food
Families settled down and
began to grow larger
New skills developed:
arts/craft, architecture,
and social organization
Complex Societies arose
IMPORANT: This change brought about the development of
more advanced civilizations.
Chapter 9
Section 2
The Early
Mesoamerican
Civilizations
OLMEC: First Known Civilization
Location:
Southern Mexico
When: 1200 BC
Called the
“Mother Culture”
of Mesoamerica
Olmec’s Remnants
Benefits of the Olmecs
Good clay for pottery
Forests for wood products and rubber
products
Mountains for stone structure
Rivers for moving goods
Fertile soil for growing a wide variety of
food
Zapotec Civilization
Came after the Olmecs
Had some influences of the Olmecs, but
they still “did their own thing.”
Zapotec developed:
– Writing
– Calendars
– Built the first city in the Americas: Monte
Alban (population 25,000)
Zapotec Artifacts
Ball Court
Conclusion
Historians are unsure of exactly why these
two civilizations disappeared
They both had a significant impact on the
civilizations that followed them.
Chapter 9
Section 3
Early
Civilizations of
the Andes
Where are the Andes Mts.??
Description
•4,500 miles long
•2nd Highest mountain chain
•Steep, Rocky Terrain
•Poor Soil
•Hot/Dry during the day
• Really cold at night
•1st Development was in Peru
Societies Arise in the Andes
Chavin (shaVEEN) People
– 1st People to settle in the Andean Mountains
– Hunter-Gatherers
– “Mother Culture” of South America
Nazca People
– On the coast of Peru
– Developed extensive irrigation b/c it was too dry.
This allowed the Nazca to develop their agriculture
Societies Arise in the Andes
Nazca People Continued
– They developed The Nazca Lines
– Purpose: No one really knows, but
here are the theories:
Worship of the Sky or Water god
Water sources from old river beds
Maps of underground water sources
Societies Arise in the Andes
Moche (MO-chay) People
– Northern Coast of Peru
– Used the rivers to develop their irrigation systems
– Very Wealthy: Archeologists have found jewelry with gold,
silver, and gems
– Artistic People – especially with pottery
Showed doctors, weavers, musicians, fierce soldiers
No written language
No religious patterns
The Communities of the Andes were all
separate from each other, and historians are
unsure why their civilizations disappeared.