Transcript Chapter 13 Coming to Terms with the New Age

Chapter 13
Coming to Terms with the New Age
Mr. Logan Greene
AP United States History
West Blocton High School
Chapter Objectives
• What impact did the new immigration of
the 1840s and 1850s have on American
Cities?
• What were the social reform movements
of the time?
• Who were the abolitionists and what
were their racial attitudes?
• What connections were there between
the women’s rights movement and
previous movements for social reform?
Immigration and Ethnicity
• During the period of market revolution
America also saw a drastic increase in
immigration centered around urban
industrial centers
• A large majority of the immigrants came
from Germany and Ireland
• Immigrants were welcomed by
industrialists who needed the cheap
labor but resented by many Americans
who feared the incoming “outsiders” and
the fact that most were Catholic
Ethnic Neighborhoods
• Upon arriving immigrants generally
stayed with their own ethnic groups
• This offered companionship,
opportunity, and protection
• Generally the poorer Irish found
homes close to industrial centers
while the somewhat wealthier
Germans could find nicer areas
• All ethnic groups used church
societies for communal good
The Growth of Cities
• Cities at this time exploded in size
with an incredible rapidity
• The Market Revolution was
transforming cities into large
metropolises while also creating
“insta” cities that grew at an
alarming rate
• Generally cities expanded to quick
for sanitation and civil services to
keep up creating numerous issues
Class and Living Patterns
• The market revolution did increase
overall incomes in America but also
increased the gap between rich and poor
• Class mirrored your usefulness in the
new industrial sectors as skilled
laborers led middle class lives and
unskilled laborers led lower class
rough existences
• Cities were slow to respond to disease
and overall health concerns due to both
lack of understanding and insufficient
funds
Civic Order
• As the middle class grew so did a
desire for a certain civility to the
cities
• Urban poor were very “rowdy” and
also commonly used streets and
public parks for various parties and
ethnic festivals
• Urban riots were common as police
forces were not adequate to quell
the large populations
African Americans
• Overall life for urban free blacks
was difficult
• On whole urban blacks were the
poorest segments of society and
also lived in segregated areas
• As well, they faced segregation
both in social life and in the
workplace where it was difficult to
find a stable job
The Early Union Movement
• Early unions were dominated by
craftsmen and artisans
• These early unions of skilled labor
did win some early victories for job
security and wages
• Sadly these early unions
perpetuated a fear of immigrants
and an attitude of exclusion
Big-City Machine Politics
• White working class voters helped
form political machines in most
Northern Cities
• The most famous, Tammany Hall, in
New York City
• Delivering votes in exchange for
patronage and favors, the machines
controlled all aspects of politics in
the cities
Evangelical Reform
• The Reverend Lynam Beecher pushed for
the idea of the Benevolent Empire
• Beecher and his associates saw America
as devoid of moral order
• Along with other protestant ministers
Beecher established the Benevolent
Empire to preach a restoration of classic
values and moral order including the
Sabbatarian movement pushing for Sunday
to be free of all work
Women in Reform
• Women began leading the call to
reform as the “social mothers” of
America
• In the 1830’s they began to
challenge male dominated society
attacking prostitution, alcohol, and
the idea of women being inferior to
men
• The American Female Moral Reform
Society demanded equality for
women
School Reform
• Early in American history school was
random, informal, and had no standards
• By the 1830s reform movements in the
northeast were pushing for public free
schooling
• Horace Mann from Massachusetts pushed
forward many educational reforms still
used today
• Women also found a home in become
educators of the new state schools
Prison Reform
• Before the period of reform prisoners
were simply held in prisons with no
attempt at reforming them
• Under reformers prisons became
institutions where prisoners were helped
• The same ideas were applied to asylums
under the leadership of Dorothea Dix
• Asylums and mental health hospitals
became clean well run places to help
persons afflicted with mental problems
Utopian Reform
• Some new social orders sought to
completely remake new societies
that would be Utopias or perfect
• The Shakers were the most
successful as they set up religious
communities where everything was
ordered and communism dominated
(the idea of public ownership)
• Overall Utopian communities died
out due to a lack of delivering on
their promises of perfection
Abolitionism
• Abolitionism, or the freeing of slaves, gained
prominence and popularity
• One idea was to return slaves to Africa, put
forth by the American Colonization Society, but
was quickly dismissed
• The American Anti-Slavery Society pushed for
immediate freedom and was supported by
noteworthy abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison,
editor of the newspaper the Liberator
• Women and the ideas for the Second Great
Awakening pushed abolition forward
Abolitionism
• Abolitionism slowly made its way into
the spectrum of America politics in
the 1840s
• Abolitionists formed the Liberty
Party in 1840 to lobby for their
beliefs
• Their most dynamic speaker was the
former slave Frederick Douglass
whose passionate speeches pushed
for freedom
Women’s Rights
• Feminism grew out of the same
popularity that Abolitionism gained
strength
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton and
Lucretia Mott began leading the
call for women to have equal rights
• The Seneca Falls Convention of
1848 called for full rights and
suffrage (the right to vote) in
America
Chapter Objectives
• What impact did the new immigration of
the 1840s and 1850s have on American
Cities?
• What were the social reform movements
of the time?
• Who were the abolitionists and what
were their racial attitudes?
• What connections were there between
the women’s rights movement and
previous movements for social reform?