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Unit 15
Imperialism
Unit 15 – Imperialism
Timeline
Map
Imperialism
European
Imperialis
m
Japanese
Imperialis
m
Many foreign
nations tried to
trade with
China
European
nations
divided Africa
up into
colonies
Britain
rules
India
Japan
expanded
looking for
raw materials
1854
1868
Matthew Meigi Emperor was
Perry in restored to power in
Japan
Japan
1830
1839
Opium
War
1840
1850
1850
Taiping
Rebellion
1860
1870
1857
Sepoy
Mutiny in
India
Imperialism: When Powerful nations take
over weaker nations for some benefit:
economically
militarily
nationally
1880
1894
SinoJapanese
War
1890
1899
Boer War
1904
RussoJapanese
War
1900
1900
Boxer
Rebellion
Scramble for Africa: 1880 –
1914
1910
Stop and Think!
 Partner
A: Define imperialism
 Partner B: Identify the 3 reasons
countries imperialize.
Reasons why Europeans
imperialized other areas
 Nationalistic:
– To make their nation more powerful by
taking over other lands
– “Social Darwinism” – it
was natural for stronger
nations to dominate
weaker ones
Stop and Think!
 Partner
A: How is nationalism a
cause of imperialism?
 Partner B: How does Social
Darwinism justify imperialism?
Reasons why Europeans
imperialized other areas
 Political
– New colonies were important locations
for
military bases
– Colonies helped
provide a nation
with power and
security
Stop and Think!
 Partner
A: Give one reason why new
colonies were important.
 Partner B: Give the other
Reasons why Europeans
imperialized other areas
 Economic
– To get raw materials for industry
– To establish new markets for industrial
products
Stop and Think!
 Partner
A: Give one reason why
countries imperialized for economic
reasons.
 Partner B: Give the other
Reasons why Europeans
imperialized other areas
 White
Man’s Burden: poem by
Rudyard Kipling
– “Justified” European imperialism to
Europeans
– Implied that Europeans (white people)
had a “moral duty” to bring civilization
to less developed people
Stop and Think!
 Partner
A: Explain the White Man’s
Burden
 Partner B: Explain whether you think
this is accurate or not
Take up the White Man's
burden-Send forth the best ye
breed-Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives'
need;
To wait, in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild-Your new-caught, sullen
peoples,
Half-devil and half-child.
-- Rudyard Kipling
"The White Man's
Burden"
The phrase "White Man's
burden" in this excerpt
refers to the
1) negative attitude of
Europeans toward
peoples of the nonWestern world
2) advantages Europeans
would gain by
colonizing Africa, Asia,
and Latin America
3) positive role of the
Roman Catholic Church
in Africa and Asia
4) challenges nonEuropeans faced when
trading with Europeans
With your partner…
 Create
a poster that visualizes what
imperialism means and the 4 main
reasons why countries imperialized
others.
Nationalistic
Political
Imperialism
Economic
White Man’s Burden
Nationalistic
Political
Imperialism
Economic
White Man’s Burden
III. European Imperialism
Where: Africa
 What happened: Scramble for Africa –
European nations divided Africa up into
small colonies at the Berlin Conference
of 1884.
 Main Events: Boer War –British defeated
Dutch farmers called “Boers” for control of
South Africa
 Important Information: Europeans created
new borders on their own – without
consideration of “tribal” concerns.

Stop and Think!
 Partner
A: What was the Scramble
for Africa?
 Partner B: What was the Berlin
Conference?
 Partner A: What was the Boer War?
 Partner B: How did Europeans divide
up Africa?
Which is an accurate statement about
the partitioning (dividing) of Africa by
European imperialist nations during the
1800s?
1. New nations were based on old
tribal boundaries.
2. The cultural and ethnic diversity of
the African people was
disregarded.
3. The continent was divided equally
among the colonial powers.
4. African unity was encouraged.
The major factor that enabled Western
Europe to dominate large parts of Asia and
Africa in the 19th and early 20th centuries
was the
1) technological and military
superiority of European nations
2) acceptance of Christianity by many
Asians and Africans
3) desire of Asians for European raw
materials
4) refusal of Asians and Africans to
fight against European imperialism
Between 1880 and 1914, which
nations were most involved in
colonizing Africa?
1) industrialized western European
nations
2) eastern European nations controlled
by Russia
3) East Asian nations seeking to
establish new markets
4) oil-rich Middle Eastern nations
Why were European nations able to
conquer large sections of Africa in the
19th and early 20th centuries?
1. Europeans easily adapted to
African climate and topography.
2. Europeans possessed more
advanced military technology.
3. Europeans wanted to learn about
African culture.
4. Africans wanted to trade with
European nations.
Which region was most affected by
the decisions made at the Berlin
Conference of 1884?
1)
2)
3)
4)
Latin America
South Asia
East Asia
Africa
Which would be the best title for this time
line?
1) African Independence Movements
2) Mineral Discoveries in Africa
3) European Imperialism in Africa
4) Ethnic Conflict in Africa
Wednesday, March 25th
Warm – Up:
Explain what is meant by this cartoon.
Objective:
How did imperialism effect India and China?
T/F
Strong countries have the
right to take over weaker
ones?
III. European Imperialism

Where: India
Imperialism in India
 What
happened: The British East
India Company controlled India
until Britain took control after
the Sepoy Mutiny
Imperialism in India
 Main
events: Sepoy Mutiny –
Indian soldiers (Sepoys) in
British Army rebelled against
British rule in India because they
disrespected their religions
(Greased rifle cartridges with
beef and pork fat – Muslims can’t
eat pork; Hindus can’t eat beef) –
Sepoys lost
Imperialism in India
 Important
information: The
colony was run by the British
East India Company – later by
the British government
The Sepoy Rebellion is considered
an important event in Indian history
because it was one cause of the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Independence movement in India
Secession of Bangladesh from
Pakistan
Establishment of French colonies in
India
Creation of the Mughal Empire by
Muslims
Stop and Think!
 Partner
A: Which country
imperialized India?
 Partner B: Who were the Sepoys?
 Partner A: Why did the Sepoys
revolt?
 Partner B: Was the revolution
successful? Why not?
III. European Imperialism
 Where:
China
Imperialism in China
 What
happened:
– Foreign powers tried to open up
China to trade in 1800s
– China resisted foreigners:
ethnocentrism
– Because of superior military
weapons, foreigners were able to
force China to open up to trade
Stop and Think!
 Partner
A: Why were foreign
countries interested in China?
 Partner B: Why were foreign
countries able to defeat the Chinese?
III. European Imperialism

Main Events:
– Opium War: British defeated China in battle
over sale of opium and forced them to trade.
The unequal Treaty of Nanking ends war giving
Hong Kong to Britain.
– Taiping Rebellion: Peasants in China rebelled
against new foreign influences in China;
millions killed
– Boxer Rebellion: Chinese citizens fought
foreign armies and lost – after that, Chinese
government called for more western style
government
Stop and Think!
 Partner
B – explain one event that
took place in China
 Partner A – explain a different event
that took place in China
 Partner B – explain the third event
that took place in China
What was a direct result of the Opium War
in 19th-century China?
1. Japan gained control of Hong Kong.
2. Kublai Khan rose to power in China.
3. Chinese ports were opened for trade with
European powers.
4. Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) fled to
Taiwan.
The Opium Wars of the mid-19th
century marked the beginning of
the
1)
2)
3)
4)
Rivalry between China and Taiwan
Domination of China by foreign
powers
Decline of European influence in
East Asia
Global effort to combat drug use
A major result of the Opium War in China
was
1. an increase in the power of the
Emperor
2. the establishment of spheres of
influence in China by Europeans
3. the expansion of chinese influence to
India and the Middle East
4. the expulsion of Europeans from China
During the 1840s, China signed
"unequal treaties" with Western
nations mainly because
1) China had won the Opium War
2) Western nations had superior
military technology
3) leaders in China favored expansion
4) China had requested economic
assistance from the West
Which event is the best
example of imperialism?
1. the Opium Wars in China
2. the Spanish Inquisition
3. the Yalta Conference
4. the Hundred Years' War
What effect did the Opium War and
the treaty of Nanjing have on
China?
1) Chinese Nationalists increased their
influence on rural areas.
2) The Manchu government expelled
the Western Powers.
3) China was divided into spheres of
influence.
4) China adopted a democratic system
of government.
The outcome of the Opium War
showed that in the 19th century,
1) the Chinese Army was the most
highly disciplined army in the world
2) China was no longer strong enough
to resist Western demands for
trading rights
3) the Chinese people were successful
in eliminating foreign influence
4) the Chinese Government preferred
to continue the opium trade
One way in which the Sepoy
Mutiny in India and the Boxer
Rebellion in China are similar is
that both attempted to
1)
2)
3)
4)
Remove foreign influences
Restore democracy
Modernize their economy
End religious conflict
The Sepoy Mutiny in India and the
Boxer Rebellion in China were
responses to
1)
2)
3)
4)
Mongol invasions
European imperialism
Japanese aggression
African slave trading
III. European Imperialism

Important
Information:
China was
forced to allow
foreign nations
to control
small areas of
China for trade –
“Spheres of
influence”
Stop and Think!
 Partner
A: What is a “sphere of
influence?”
 Partner B: How were foreign
countries able to create these
spheres of influence?
How does the picture demonstrate
the idea of “Spheres of Influence?”
The political cartoon depicts the
1.ethnocentrism of the Chinese during the Manchu Ch'ing dynasty of
the 17th century
2.separation of China into spheres of influence by 19th century
imperialist nations
3.military aid given to the Chinese revolutionaries by the Soviet Union
during the 1940s
4.favored trading-partner status awarded to China by many Western
European countries in the 1980s
During the 19th century, Europeans were
able to divide China into spheres of
influence mainly because the
1) Chinese were eager to adopt
Western culture
2) Europeans had technologically
superior military forces
3) Europeans were willing to adopt
Chinese customs
4) Chinese lacked raw materials and
resources
One result of the Opium War was
that China
1)
2)
3)
4)
adopted democratic reforms
gained control of Hong Kong
regained control of Manchuria
was divided into spheres of
influence
During the 19th century, Western
nations were able to gain control
over parts of China mainly because
1) the Chinese had a strong tradition
of non-violence
2) China lacked the military
technology needed to stop these
ventures
3) China was promised aid for its
industries
4) the Chinese lacked a strong cultural
identity
Negative Effects on the Native
Peoples (Not in notes but needs to
be)
Their land and materials were taken from
them
 They were forced to adapt to European
cultural ways (language, money, laws,
customs, etc.)
 Local customs were not considered
(relationships between tribes, religions,
etc.)
 Local economies were changed to support
European needs (from sustenance farming
to cash crop farming and mercantilism)

Positive Effects on the Native
Peoples
 New
technologies were introduced,
especially transportation and
communication
 Medical care improved
 Western education was spread
Negative effects for imperializing
nations
 Seen
as oppressors and creates
tension between those who rule and
those being ruled
Positive effects for imperializing
nations
 Resources
 New
markets
 Gained power throughout the region
and/or world
With your partner
a poster that visually
describes the negative and positive
effects of imperialism on both
natives and imperialists.
Natives
Imperialists
 Create
Negatives
Positives
IV. Japanese Imperialism
 1600s:
Japan’s shoguns chose a
policy of isolationism – no one in
no one out.
Shogun –
“Commander
of the
Armies”
Stop and Think!
 Partner
A: Japan chose to follow a
policy of isolationism. Explain what
that means.
 Partner B: China also chose to follow
a policy of isolationism. Why did
China follow this policy?
Which situation best illustrates the
concept of isolationism?
1) The Spanish government required that
gold found in its colonies be brought
directly to Spain.
2) Japan closed its ports to trade with other
nations.
3) France, Germany, Belgium, and Great
Britain negotiated to divide various areas
of Africa into colonies.
4) The British ruled much of India through
the control of local rulers.
Mid 1800s – Treaty of Kanagawa
 American,
Matthew Perry forced
Japan to open up to trade with
United States
 Treaty ended Japanese
isolationism
Stop and Think!
 Partner
A: Who is Matthew Perry and
what did he do?
 Partner B: How is what Matthew
Perry did and the Opium War similar?
Commodore Matthew Perry’s visits
to Japan in 1853 and 1854 resulted
in the
1) colonization of Japan by the United
States
2) transfer of spheres of influence to
China
3) introduction of Christianity to
Japanese society
4) opening of trade and diplomatic
relations with Japan
The primary reason that the
Japanese policy of near-isolation
ended in 1853-54 was that Japan
1) needed additional territory as an
outlet for its surplus population
2) needed European markets for its
manufactured goods
3) became involved in a war with
China
4) was pressured by United States
naval power to open its ports
The Opium Wars in China and the
expedition of Commodore Matthew
Perry to Japan resulted in
1) the economic isolation of China and
Japan
2) an increase in Chinese influence in
Asia
3) the beginning of democratic
governments in China and Japan
4) an increase in Western trade and
influence in Asia
Meiji Restoration:
 Shoguns
were now seen as being
weaker (still supported isolationism
and lost)
 More Japanese wanted to become
westernized
 Shoguns overthrown
 Emperor “restored” to power
(Meiji family of emperors)
Which action in Japanese history
occurred during the Meiji
Restoration?
1) Japan modernized its economy.
2) Mongols invaded the islands of
Japan.
3) The Japanese government adopted
an isolationist policy.
4) Buddhism became the official
religion of Japan
In Japanese history, what was the
impact of the Meiji Restoration?
1)
2)
3)
4)
Japan adopted a policy of
isolationism
Contact with Western nations
encouraged Japan to industrialize
Chinese influence on Japanese
literature and the arts was limited
Japan adopted a feudal society
In Japan, the Meiji Restoration
resulted in the
1) division of the nation between the
European powers
2) modernization of the nation's
industry
3) abolition of the position of Emperor
4) government being controlled by the
samurai
Westernization:
 Japan
copied western style culture to
become more powerful
– Get more industry
– Build up a western style military
(militarism)
Japanese Imperialism

Sino (China) – Japanese War:
– After taking over Korea, Japan defeated China
and took over areas of China

Russo – Japanese War:
– Japan defeated Russia’s navy
– First time an Asian nation defeated a western
nation in war

Industrial Needs:
– Japan continued to take lands (imperialism) in
Asia – looking for more raw materials
Stop and Think!
 Partner
A: Who fought in the SinoJapanese War? Who won?
 Partner B: Who fought in the RussoJapanese War? Who won and why
was this significant?
 Partner A: Why was Japan
imperializing others?
 Partner B: How is this reason similar
to that of Great Britain?
What was one effect of the RussoJapanese War (1904-1905)?
1) Japan emerged as a major world
power.
2) Korea gained its independence.
3) Czar Nicholas II gained power in
Russia.
4) Russia formed a military alliance
with Japan.
The primary reason France and
Japan were interested in controlling
parts of Indochina in the 20th
century was to
1)
2)
3)
4)
Dominate the Indian Ocean
Obtain valuable natural resources
Stop the spread of communism
Prevent Spanish colonization