SEPARATION TECHNIQUES - Dr. Vernon-
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Transcript SEPARATION TECHNIQUES - Dr. Vernon-
SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
•Filtration and Evaporation
•Distillation
•Paper Chromatography
Ms McGhee
Filtration and Evaporation
Filtration is a method for
the separation of the
parts of a heterogeneous
mixture.
When students mixed
two common substances,
a heterogeneous mixture
was formed.
There was a new
precipitate formed in a
solution.
Filtration and Evaporation
In preparation for the
filtration, the filter
paper must be folded
into a cone.
The students may be
measuring the mass of
the filter paper so that
they can determine the
mass of the precipitate
after the experiment.
Filtration and Evaporation
The cloudy,
heterogeneous mixture
is carefully poured into
a funnel that has been
set up with filter paper.
Notice that the filtrate
is being collected in a
beaker.
Filtration and Evaporation
The precipitate in the
original heterogeneous
mixture beaker must
be washed out using
the stirring rod and the
wash bottle.
We have collected all
the precipitate in the
filter paper now.
Filtration and Evaporation
Evaporation is a
method for separating
the components of a
homogeneous
mixture.
After filtration, the
students evaporated
the filtrate solution to
separate it from any
dissolved solute.
Filtration and Evaporation
The liquid (solvent)
from the filtrate
solution will evaporate
leaving behind any
dissolved solute.
Filtration and Evaporation
Mean while, the
insoluble solid (original
precipitate!) that was
collected on the filter
paper was dried in an
oven.
By taking the mass of the
filter paper before the
filtration and the mass of
the paper and solid after
it dries…
…the mass of precipitate
can be calculated
Distillation
Distillation is a
method for the
separation of the
components of a
homogeneous
mixture.
The basis for
separation is the
different boiling
points of the
components in
the liquid.
Distillation
The distillation
apparatus will be
used to separate
some of the
components of
imitation vanilla.
Distillation
The component
with the lowest
boiling point will
boil off first.
The vapor is
condensed and
this distillate is
collected in the
receiving flask.
Distillation
When all of a
particular
component is
gone…
…the temperature
will rise to the
next boiling point
and that
substance will
form the next
distillate.
Imitation Vanilla Flavor
Ingredient
Chemical formula
Boiling point
(1 atm)
Water
H20
100C
propylene glycol
C3H8O 2
188C
vanillin
C8H8O 3
285C
caramel color
mixture of complex sugars
N/A
0.1% sodium benzoate
NaC6H5CO2
N/A
phosphoric acid
H3PO4
158C
ethyl vanillin
C9H10O3
285C
Paper Chromatography
Paper chromatography
is an easy way to
separate the soluble
components of a
homogeneous mixture
We will perform a
chromatographic
sparations of the
pigments in felt pens
Paper Chromatography
Specific vocabulary
words include:
Mobile phase
Solvent
Stationary phase
Paper
Separation is based on:
Solubility of the sample
in the mobile phase
Molecule size
(and other factors)