Transcript MANUAL HANDLING PPT - CaspianExplorer.com

OBJECTIVES
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To promote awareness of the benefits of correct
Manual Handling.
To examine the consequences of failing to under take
Manual Handling tasks correctly.
COURSE OUT LINE
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WATCH VIDEO
DISCUSS ASPECTS OF VIDEO
THEORY
PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION
PRACTICAL TRAINING
SUMMARY
TEST
INTRODUCTION
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Efficient Manual Handling involves the movement of a
load utilizing the KINETIC METHOD.
This involves the use of body and muscles in a relaxed
and efficient way.
30% of all reported industrial injuries are Manual
Handling related.
There are 22,000 MANUAL HANDLING injuries each year
in the U.K. alone.
Average time off work 14 days.
Besides back injuries there are also hernias, sprains and
strains to the arms and legs.
STRUCTURE OF THE SPINE
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The spine consists of 33 cylinders of Bone called
vertebrae.
7 - Cervical vertebrae - movable.
12 - Thoracic vertebrae - movable.
5 - Lumber vertebrae - movable.
5 - Sacrum verb - fused.
4 - Coccyx vertebrae - fused.
Vertebrae become larger in the lower lumber region.
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Vertebrae consist of the vertebral and posterior vertebral arch
which surrounded the spinal canal.
There are 22 interverebral discs which are located between
the movable vertebrae in the spine.
Each disc has two layers - A soft gel-like inner layer and a
tough fibrous outer layer.
When a load is applied to the spine the discs compress thus
cushioning the vertebrae while transmitting load.
When the trunk leans sideways, backwards or forwards there
an immediate muscle activity to return and maintain its upright
posture.
The combined spine and trunk system is flexible but fully
controlled.
The discs may degenerate with aging e.g. The soft center
hardens.
LIFTING RELATED INJURIES
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Damage to Intervertebral discs
The most common cause of back injury is caused by bending
to lift a heavy load.
The bending action compresses the front of the disc resulting
in the disc protruding (slipped disc).
A bent back action combined with a twisting action can result
in a ruptured disc where the fibro-elastic layer is torn and the
softer inside part escapes.
Trapped nerves and sciatica.
When you lift with a bent back the joints of the vertebrae are
separated and the nerves can be trapped when the back is
straightened.
Disc movement puts pressure on the spinal cord this results in
a condition called sciatica.
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Long term spinal abuse and/or progressive degeneration
can mean that even a light lift can cause damage.
Stretching a muscle beyond its normal range can cause a
strain.
Excessive exertion can weaken a joint and related ligaments
and cause a sprain.
Lifting awkwardly can weaken the abdominal muscles and
cause a rupture or hernia.
Conclusions.
Unsatisfactory lifting practices will cause long term pain and
disability.
MANUAL HANDLING
MECHANICS OF LIFTING
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Cantilever action.
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The effect of bending to lift a load is similar to that of a cantilever.
A cantilever is similar to a beam clamed at one end in the horizontal
position.
The load exerted on the fixed (clamped) end depends on the weight
and on the weights position on the beam, with it’s resulting lever
CANTILEVER
action.
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HEAD
STRESS
SPINE
ARMS
MANUAL HANDLING
POSITION OF THE SPINE
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You should regard the lower lumber region as the fixed end of the
beam.
The force exerted on the lower lumber depends on the weight of the
load and the distance of the load from the base of the spine.
With the back straight and nearly vertical the horizontal distance is
less therefore the force is small.
When the back is bent and out of vertical the horizontal distance is
greater thus force on the lower lumber region is considerable greater.
The main downward forces exerted on the spine are.
The weight of the trunk.
The weight of the load.
The weight of the head.
The greater the horizontal distance these are from the base of the
spine then the greater is the load.
MANUAL HANDLING
POSITION OF THE SPINE
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When you lift a 40 kg. load the force is nine times greater if
the back is bent. 360 kg.
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The main loading on the spine is borne by the vertebrae and discs of
the lower lumber region.
A bending action concentrates the load on a small area at the front
of the discs.
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A sudden jerk at the start of the lift increases that load up to
10 times. 3600 kg.
MANUAL HANDLING
LEVER
LOAD
THE LEVER IS LONG THEREFORE THE LOAD IS
GREATER
MANUAL HANDLING
LEVER
LOAD
THE LEVER IS SHORTER THEREFORE THE LOAD IS
LESS
MANUAL HANDLING
PREPARATION FOR LIFTING
Important checks
- The load should be checked for accessibility, weight, center of gravity
and any moving parts.
 Accessibility of load
- Assess the position of the load with respect to nearby obstruction.
- Adopt a position where the load can be lifted correctly and carried
forward without obstruction.
- Shift movable obstructions and slide load from structural
obstructions.
- Position the load so that it can be lifted and carried straight forward
without any twisting movement.
 Testing the weight
- Assess the weight of the load by lifting one side of the load using the
correct lifting technique.
- If a component part is being used to lift the load check that it is
secure.
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MANUAL HANDLING
PREPARATION FOR LIFTING
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Canter of gravity
- Assess the position of the center of gravity of the load and lift the load
in a way which keeps the center of gravity central to and close to the
body.
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Moving parts
- Check the load for any moving parts and do not use these as lifting
points.
- Use proper lifting handles if available or strong fixed points.
MANUAL HANDLING
CORRECT LIFTING POSITION
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Position of feet
- The feet should be close to the load approximately hip width apart.
- The lead foot should be slightly forward beside the load.
- The weight of the load acts vertically downward therefore if the feet
are too close together the center of gravity is outside of the base
and balance is hard to maintain
- If the feet are too far away from the load a bent back will result and the
center of gravity will be too far forward.
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Position of the knees
The knees should be bent not far to keep the body at the correct
height.
- The load is lifted by straightening the knees using the legs and thigh
muscles.
MANUAL HANDLING
CORRECT LIFTING POSITION
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Position of the back
- The back should be kept as straight as possible but may be canted
forward out of the vertical no more than an angle of about 15 to 20
deg.
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Position of the head and chin
- The head should be raised by looking up and the chin pulled in. This
helps lock the top of the spine thus keeping the back straight.
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Position of the arms
- The arms should be kept as close to the body as possible.
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Correct grip
- The load should be grasped with the palms of the hands and the root
of the fingers.
- The hands should be diagonally opposed.
MANUAL HANDLING
10 POINT LIFTING GUIDE
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Assess the weight of the load - get help if needed. Use
mechanical aids provided.
Size up job - remove obstacles, note snags, ensure set down
area is clear.
Look for - splinters, projecting nails, wire and sharp edges,
ware gloves.
Stand close to the object - feet 20 cm to 30 cm apart, one foot
in advance of the other, in the direction of travel.
Chin in - avoid moving head backward or forward.
Bend knees to a crouched position - keep back straight (not
necessary vertical).
Grip load at opposite corners with palm of hands and roots of
the fingers, arms close to the body.
Lift with thigh muscles, look up, straightened legs.
Apply same principles to pushing, pulling, digging or
Even a simple task can result
in a serious injury if manual
handling is not carried out
correctly.
Housekeeping is a part of manual handling. Poor housekeeping will
result in increased manual handling hazards.
You can get away with incorrect manual handling procedures many
times in one day but eventually you will NOT get away with it and
have an accident.
Three handles, three people pulling them.
A perfect example of one right way to pull slips and one wrong way.
Planning and common sense being used for a manual handling job.
What are four things these guys have done right?
MANUAL HANDLING
SUMMERY
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OBJECTIVES.
To promote awareness and the consequences of failing to
use THE CORRECT LIFTING TECHNIQUES.
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Mechanics of lifting.
Correct lifting position.
10 Point guideline to MANUAL LIFTING.
THERE IS NO MAGIC JUST FOLLOW THE 10
POINTS.