Nutrients and Digestion Chapter Test Review 7 th grade Science

Main sources of energy; starches and sugars.

• Carbohydrates

Nutrients that repair and replace body cells.

• Proteins

Subunits of proteins.

• Amino acids

Inorganic nutrients that regulate the body’s chemical reactions.

• Minerals

Physical breakdown of food, as in chewing.

• Mechanical Digestion

Breakdown of food by enzymes for absorption.

• Chemical digestion.

Enzyme-containing fluid in the mouth.

• Saliva

Muscular contractions that move food.

• Peristalisis

Fingerlike projections in the small intestine.

• Villi

Unlike inorganic nutrients, organic nutrients contain ________.

• carbon

Starches are in foods such as potatoes and ________.

• grains

Milk, cheese, and ______ contain ALL the essential amino acids.

• eggs

The amount of energy available in foods is measured in ________.

• calories

________ are nutrients that help absorb some vitamins.

• Fats

Saturated fats, found in ______, are believed to contribute to high cholesterol and heart disease.

• Red meats

_______ are essential, organic nutrients that help your body regulate its functions.

• Vitamins

Scurvy is a disease caused by a lack of _______ • Vitamin C

Trace minerals include copper and _______.

• iodine

Next to oxygen, _____ is the most vital factor for survival.

• water

A protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction in your body is called a(n) ________.

• enzyme

The process of digestion begins in your ______.

• mouth

Food that leaves your stomach is the form of a thin, watery fluid called ______.

• Chyme

The major portion of all food ________ takes place in the duodenum.

• digestion

The major job of the ______ is to absorb water from undigested food.

• Large intestine

What tells you that eating corn would not add to your cholesterol level?

• 0g fat

What two nutrients would help build bones and teeth?

• Vitamin C and Phosphorus

What tells you that eating corn would help give you energy?

• 18g carbohydrates

Your doctor just told you that you have high cholesterol. What causes high cholesterol, what are its risks, and what can you do to lower your risks?

High cholesterol equals saturated fats, this causes deposits in blood vessels, this leads to a chance of heart attack and stroke. To decrease this risk is to eat less fats also known as red meats.

If your doctor said you had a Vitamin D deficiency, what changes could you make to correct it?

• Spend time in the sun and/or eat foods containing Vitamin D.

The main job of the _________ is to absorb water from undigested food.

• Large intestine

In doing so, the body returns large amounts of water to the body and maintains ________.

• Homeostasis

_________ slows down somewhat in the large intestine.

• Peristasis

Chyme may stay here as long as ______ days.

• three

During this time, excess water is absorbed back into the blood stream. The remaining materials, consisting of __________ and bacteria, become more ________.

• • Undigested material solid

Bacteria that live here feed on these undigested materials. This is a symbiotic relationship. The bacteria feed on these materials, and in return they produce several _________ that you need.

• vitamins

• • • • • • • • List the four organic nutrients and the two inorganic nutrients.

Organic Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Vitamins Inorganic Minerals Water

How do minerals get into your body?

• Minerals are absorbed from soil by plants. When you eat plants, you get these nutrients.

8. Place where food is ground mechanically into small pieces 9. Muscular tube that serves as a passageway for food.

10. Turns food into chyme 11. Major portion of all digestion takes place.

B. Esophagus F. Mouth H. Small Intestine I. Stomach

12. Produces bile 13. Stores bile 14. Produces substances that stop stomach acid action and enzymes that break down organic nutrients 15. Absorbs water from undigested food 16. Controls the release of solid waste A. Anus C. Gallbladder D. Large intestine E. Liver G. Pancreas

Discuss the food pyramid and the relationship between diet and health.

The food pyramid helps maintain good health, has the food groups, and calcium-rich foods.

What are enzymes and how do they aid in digestion?

Enzymes are proteins that help join or break down substances. They are vital in chemical digestion because they help break down food as it passes through the digestive system, without being changed themselves.