Transcript CH01pres
CHAPTER 1
Three Worlds Meet
Overview
SECTION 1 Peopling the Americas
SECTION 2 Native American Societies Around 1492
West African Societies Around 1492
European Societies Around 1492
Transparencies
CHAPTER 1
Three Worlds Meet
“Three separate histories collided in the Western Hemisphere half a millennium ago, and American history began.” Edward Countryman, historian THEMES IN CHAPTER 1 Immigration and Migration Cultural Diversity Science and Technology HOME
CHAPTER 1
Three Worlds Meet
What do you know?
• What happens when different societies meet?
• How do you define the word immigrant?
• Who were the immigrant groups that first settled in what is today the United States?
Which of these groups arrived first?
• What does the term “First Americans” mean to you?
HOME
CHAPTER 1
Time Line
The Americas
38,000 B.C.
Asian peoples begin to migrate to America over
Beringia
land bridge.
12,000
Land bridge disappears, ending migration.
1200
Olmec society forms.
800
Adena culture begins building mounds.
A.D. 200
Hopewell culture flourishes.
300
People first settle the Hawaiian Islands.
1400
Iroquois League is formed
.
1000
Viking Leif Ericson reaches what is now Newfoundland.
1440
Montezuma becomes ruler of the Aztec Empire.
1492
Christopher Columbus reaches America
.
HOME
CHAPTER 1
Time Line
The World
1000 B.C.
Israel becomes a kingdom.
753
Rome is founded.
622 A.D.
Prophet Muhammad founds Islam.
1096
The Crusades begin.
1440
Gutenberg develops printing press using movable type.
1453
Portuguese begin West African slave trade.
1494
Treaty of Tordesillas defines Portuguese and Spanish claims in the Western Hemisphere.
HOME
SECTION 1
Peopling the Americas
Learn About
the ancient peoples who first settled in the Americas.
HOME To Understand
how diverse cultures developed as people adapted their ways of life to the varied landscape of the Americas.
SECTION 1
Peopling the Americas
Key Idea
As early as 40,000 years ago, ancient peoples first settle in the Americas.
HOME
SECTION 1
Peopling the Americas
Section 1 Assessment SUMMARIZING
What were some of the early civilizations of the Americas, the approximate dates they existed, and their locations?
Civilization
Olmec Adena and Hopewell Inca Aztec
Dates
1200 B.C. to 400 B.C.
800 B.C. to A.D. 400 emerged A.D. 1400 A.D. 1200s to 1500s
Location
southern Mexico east of Mississippi River western coast of South America Valley of Mexico
HOME
SECTION 1
Peopling the Americas
Section 1 Assessment EVALUATING
Which of the ancient empires that flourished in the Americas was most advanced?
HOME THINK ABOUT
• ways in which the culture adapted to its environment • the achievements of the culture • the qualities of advanced civilizations today
SECTION 1
Peopling the Americas
Section 1 Assessment APPLYING
What single technological advancement made by ancient cultures was most significant?
HOME THINK ABOUT
• Middle and South American groups • desert peoples • Mound Builder peoples
SECTION 2
Native American Societies Around 1492
Learn About
Native American societies, trade, and culture.
HOME To Understand
the diversity of Native American peoples and how they interacted with one another.
SECTION 2
Native American Societies Around 1492
Key Idea
North America in the 1400s is populated by hundreds of diverse groups with well established trading and cultural patterns.
HOME
SECTION 2
Native American Societies Around 1492
Section 2 Assessment SUMMARIZING
How did Native American societies adapt to the environment of their region?
ENVIRONMENTAL ADAPTATION Northwest Coast: the Kwakiutl adapted to coast and ocean, collecting shellfish and hunting whales and seals California: the Kashaya Pomo adapted to marshlands and snared waterfowl Eastern Woodlands: the Iroquois adapted to the woodlands by hunting wild game Southwest: the Acoma adapted to cliffs and used rock cisterns to collect rainwater HOME
SECTION 2
Native American Societies Around 1492
Section 2 Assessment SYNTHESIZING
Were the many Native American groups more diverse than they were similar?
HOME THINK ABOUT
• adaptation to physical settings • the role of tradition • the variety of goods and languages encountered in trading
SECTION 2
Native American Societies Around 1492
Section 2 Assessment CLARIFYING
What three words describe the Native American societies that flourished 500 years ago?
HOME THINK ABOUT
• the natural resources in their regions • their tools and artwork • their rituals, customs, and traditions
SECTION 3
West African Societies Around 1492
Learn About
trade, societies, and culture in West Africa.
HOME To Understand
the diversity of West African peoples and how they interacted with one another and the rest of the world.
SECTION 3
West African Societies Around 1492
Key Idea
West Africa in the 1400s is home to a variety of peoples who interacted with the wider world through trade.
HOME
SECTION 3
West African Societies Around 1492
Section 3 Assessment SUMMARIZING
What are details that relate to the following topics?
West Africa’s Climate Zones
• desert • tropical rain forests • savanna
West Africa’s Major Geographical Features
• Sahara Desert • Atlantic coastline • Niger River
Three West African Kingdoms and Their Climate Zones
• Songhai: savanna and desert • Benin: rain forest • Kongo: rain forest
HOME
SECTION 3
West African Societies Around 1492
Section 3 Assessment ANALYZING
What factors contributed to the thriving trade system that flourished in West Africa?
HOME THINK ABOUT
• geographic location and features • the kinds of goods exchanged • the societies that emerged in West Africa
SECTION 3
West African Societies Around 1492
Section 3 Assessment COMPARING
What are the similarities between West African kingdoms around 1492 and America today?
HOME THINK ABOUT
• the power of leaders • social and commercial organization • intellectual and artistic activity
SECTION 4
European Societies Around 1492
Learn About
the changes emerging in western European societies.
HOME To Understand
how these changes spurred the Age of Exploration.
SECTION 4
European Societies Around 1492
Key Idea
Changes that occur in western European societies spur the Age of Exploration in the 1400s.
HOME
SECTION 4
European Societies Around 1492
Section 4 Assessment SUMMARIZING
What are some events and forces that illustrate changes that spurred the Age of Exploration in western Europe?
centralized states political economic growth of commerce declining papal authority renewed missionary calling population growth social printing press Changes in western Europe technological cultural joint-stock companies Renaissance spirit of adventure travel stories improvements in mapmaking HOME
SECTION 4
European Societies Around 1492
Section 4 Assessment ANALYZING
Which European event of the late 1400s and early 1500s had the most far-reaching impact?
HOME THINK ABOUT
• the importance of religion • the role of adventurers and explorers • the rise in prosperity
SECTION 4
European Societies Around 1492
Section 4 Assessment DRAWING CONCLUSIONS
Why did other European nations lag behind Portugal in the race for overseas exploration?
HOME THINK ABOUT
• the geography of Portugal • the power of monarchs in the 1400s • the economic and political situation of European nations at that time
SECTION 5
Transatlantic Encounters
HOME Learn About
Columbus’s transatlantic voyages and early interaction with Native Americans.
To Understand
how these encounters permanently changed Africa, Europe, the Americas, and the world.
SECTION 5
Transatlantic Encounters
Key Idea
Columbus’s voyage in 1492 sets events in motion that permanently change Africa, Europe, the Americas, and the rest of the world.
HOME
SECTION 5
Transatlantic Encounters
Section 5 Assessment SUMMARIZING
What were the major events of Columbus’s voyages and interactions with Native Americans?
1492 Columbus’s first voyage to the Americas 1495 Rebellion of Taino of Hispaniola against Spanish 1504 Columbus returns to Spain HOME 1493 Columbus’s return trip to the Americas Columbus’s conquest of St. Croix 1500 Columbus asked to leave Hispaniola because of inability to maintain order
SECTION 5
Transatlantic Encounters
Section 5 Assessment GENERALIZING
A stereotype is an oversimplified opinion or image. What stereotypes might Columbus and his soldiers have formed about Native Americans, and Native Americans might have formed about Spaniards? Why?
THINK ABOUT
• Columbus’s journal entries • Columbus and his soldiers’ methods of colonization • Native Americans’ attempts to resist conquest
HOME
SECTION 5
Transatlantic Encounters
Section 5 Assessment ANALYZING EFFECTS
What were three of the most important long-term consequences of Columbus’s encounters in the Americas?
HOME THINK ABOUT
• conquering and claiming land • forced labor of Native Americans and Africans • the impact on Africa, Europe, and the Americas
Chapter
1
Assessment
1. What theories explain when and how the first people arrived in the Americas?
2. Give two examples of how ancient societies demonstrated their resourcefulness in adapting to their physical environments.
3. Provide two examples of how Native American societies drew upon or honored their cultural heritage.
4. Describe three broad cultural patterns that the diverse Native American societies shared.
5. What exchanges of goods and ideas occurred as a result of trade routes across the Sahara?
HOME
Chapter
1
Assessment
6. What were three West African kingdoms that flourished in the late 1400s and early 1500s?
7. What three effects did the Crusades have on European society in the 1400s?
8. What were the most significant Portuguese explorations?
9. What methods of colonization, based on earlier models, did Spain use in the Americas?
10. What unfulfilled goal left Columbus disappointed at the end of his life?
HOME