Chapter 5 lesson 2
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Transcript Chapter 5 lesson 2
Life in the Growing cities
Mr. Julian’s 5th Grade Class
Essential Question
How
did people living
in cities in the late
1800’s and early
1900’s change as
population grew?
Places
New York, New York
Chicago, Illinois
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
St. Louis, Missouri
Boston, Massachusetts
People
Jane Adams
Jacob Riis
“Boss” William M. Tweed
Elisha Graves Otis
James Buchanan Eads
John Roebling
Vocabulary
Urbanization
Tenement
Settlement house
Political machine
Suspension bridge
Growing Cities
Cities like New York, Chicago,
and Philadelphia grew quickly
because they were located near
good transportation.
Access to trains and water
contributes to growth of many
other cities as well.
Railroads helped Atlanta grow
as well.
Immigration and
Urbanization
Industrialization created millions
of new jobs.
Many of these jobs were filled
by immigrants.
Not all of the people moving to
the cities were immigrants,
many moved from rural areas.
This was a time of urbanization,
or the movement of people to
cities.
Immigration and
Urbanization
With new machines making
farm work easer, fewer people
were needed on the farms.
With so many people moving to
the cities, there was a shortage
of housing.
New arrivals were crowded into
tenements, or buildings that are
divided into small apartments.
Immigration and
Urbanization
Buildings were built on any open
area.
“City Beautiful” thinking began
in the 1890’s.
People began making city parks
and playgrounds for people
living in the city.
Transportation both solved and
created problems.
Urban Woes
In 1880 a report in the Chicago
Times reported “The river
stinks. The air stinks. People’s
clothing…stinks.”
Many people had jobs, they
made more money than they
thought possible, but they also
faced many problems.
Overcrowding was the biggest
problem.
Urban Woes
Other than being crowded, may
tenements were unsafe.
Some people had no heat,
others had no windows.
People living close together
made spreading disease easy.
Milk spoiled in the summer
resulting in many children’s
deaths.
Urban Woes
Cities became dirtier as factories
spilled pollution into the rivers
and the air.
Traffic increased on the roads.
There was more garbage
dumped in the streets and
rivers.
Seeking Solutions
Many organizations, like the
YMCA and the YMHA tried to
help with these problems in the
cities.
In 1889 Jane Addams a
settlement house, or a center
that provides help for those with
little money.
Seeking Solutions
A man named Jacob Riis was
an immigrant from Denmark.
In 1890, he wrote a book called
How the Other Half Lived
His book described the awful
conditions people living in cities
faced.
Rise of Political Machines
People looked to the
government to help with the
problems in the cities.
Political machines, or
organizations to gain political
power.
Here is how it works:
Members would get people elected
The elected people in turn would
give favors to the people that
helped them.
Rise of Political Machines
They promised to help and
many did, but most often they
abused their power.
One such persons was “Boss”
William M. Tweed.
He was known for cheating
people out of their money.
Political machines were found all
over the country.
Up, Over, and Under
Cities can expand by either
moving outward or upward.
In 1852 inventor Elisha Graves
Otis created the first elevator in
New York City.
The Great Chicago fire destroyed
all of Chicago's downtown.
So Chicago was the perfect place
to build the first skyscraper in
1885.
Up, Over, and Under
The first skyscraper was 10
stories tall.
Steel helped created stronger
bridges and the first steel bridge
was built in St. Louis by James
Buchanan Eads.
The world’s first suspension
bridge was built in Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Up, Over, and Under
A suspension bridge is one that
is suspended from steel cables.
John Roebling was hired in New
York city to build a suspension
bridge that crossed the East
River.
The Brooklyn bridge was the
longest bridge in the world
when it opened in 1883.
Timeline
1885 – The first skyscraper
1889 – Jane Addams opened
Hull House for the poor.
1900 – New York City’s
population neared 3.5 million