Transcript PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
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FISH IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE OF FOOD FOR MAN SINCE SEVERAL THOUSANDS OF YEARS.
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FISHES ARE THE BEST SOURCE OF PROTIEN AS THEY HAVE 15 TO 25% PROTEIN CONTENT IN THEIR MEAT .
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FISH MEAT IS ALSO A GOOD SOURCES FOR VITAMIN A AND D ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS CALLED UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS.
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FISH MEAT IS EASILY DIGESTIBLE PROMOTS GROWTH AND IS HIGH BIOLOGICAL VALUE.
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GROWING FISHES IN LARGE NUMBERS IS CALLED “PISICULUTURE”.
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DEPENDING ON THE REGION AND SEASON A WIDE VARIETY OF FISH ARE AVAILABLEIN OUR COUNTRY.
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FISHES FOUND IN RIVERS, LAKES AND POUNDS ARE CALLED “FRESH WATER FISHES”.
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FISHES LIVING IN THE SEA ARE CALLED “MARINE FISHES “.
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
FRESH WATER FISHES
Scientific name Catla catla Labeo rohita Rohu;Erragandu Cyrrhinus mrigala Erramosu Anabas sarova Cyprinus carpio Waluga attu Pedda boche Waluga Tilapia mossambica Channa punctata Common name Boche Matta gidasa
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
CHANNA PUNCTATA
CYPRINUS CARPIO PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
LABEO ROHITA TILAPIA MOSSAMBICA PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
Scientific Name MARINE FISHES Common Name Rostrelliger kanagurta kanagurta Sardinella longiceps Horpodon neherius Hilsa hilsa Lactarius lactarius Scoliodon Trichiuris lepturus Nune kavallu Vanamatta Polasa Sudumu Sora [Shark] Savallu [Ribbon Fish] PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
ROSTRELLIGER KANAGURTA HORPODON NEHERIUS PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
HILSA HILSA
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
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IN OLDEN DAYS , TRADITIONAL METHODS HAVE BEEN EMPLOYED TO CATCH THE FISH THESE OLD METHODS ARE UNABLE TO MEET THEDEMANDS OF EVERINCREASING POPULATION AND OF THE EXPORT MARKETS.
NOW-A-DAYS , MODERN METHODS ARE USED TO CATCH THE
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FISHES LIKE MECHANIZED BOATS , STRONG NYLON NETS.
GROWING OF FISHES IN RICE FIELDS IS ALSO MORE COMMON
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IN VILLAGES.
FISH PRODUCTION IS CONSIDERED AS SECOND CROP THE PRIMARY CROP IS RICE FIELDS.
TWO MAIN STAGES IN FISH FARMING ARE ; 1. BREEDING & COLLECTION OF EGGS.
2. HATCHING OF EGGS & REARING OF FISH.
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
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MOST OF THE FISHES DO NOT BREED IN STAGNANT WATER LIKE PONDS, LAKES & RESERVOIRS & PREFER TO BREED IN THEIR NATURAL HABITATFLOWING WATER AS RIVERS .
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SOME FISHES PRODUCE THOUSANDS OF EGGS WHICH STICK TO EACH OTHER FORMING A LARGE MASS THAT SETTLES DOWN TO THE BOTTOM OF THE RIVER SUCH EGG MASSES CAN BE COLLECTED FROM RIVERS WITH EASE.
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SOME FISHES PRODUCE EGGS WHICH DO NOT STICK TO EACH OTHER , EACH EGG SETTLES DOWN INDIVIDUALLY ON THE BOTTOM OF RIVER & IT IS DIFFICULT TO COLLECT EGGS.
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ADULT FISH WHICH ARE READY FOR BREEDING ARE CALLED “BREDERS”.
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WHEN THE MONSOON SETS IN , THE FISH START BREEDING & THE EGGS ARE LAID IN THE POND, THEY(EGGS) ARE COLLECTED FROM THE POND.
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OTHERWISE THE EGGS ARE ALLOWED TO HATCH IN THE POND & THE “SPAWN” ARE COLLECTED.
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
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ADULT FISHES ARE MADE TO BRED IN ARTIFICIAL CONDITIONS IN SPECIALLY DESIGNED CHAMBERS, IS CALLED “INDUCE BREEDING”.
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INDUCED BREEDING IS THE BEST METHOD TO COLLECT EGGS FROM FISHES & ALSO EXTRACT OF PITUITARY GLAND INJECTED INTO THE FISHES, THEN RELEASED INTO SMALL TANKS WITH FLOWING WATER.
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PITUITARY EXTRAT INDUCES THE RELEASE OF EGGS FROM FEMALE & SPERMS FROM MALE FISH .
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AFTER SOMETIME, THE FISHES ARE TAKEN OUT THEIR ABDOMEN IS DRESSED GENTLY & SPERMS(CALLED MILT) & EGGS ARE COLLECTED.
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THEY ARE TRANSFERRED TO A CLEAN BASIN OF WATER & MIXED WELL TO ALLOW FERTILISATION .
AFTER FERTILISATION EGGS ARE COLLECTED THEY ARE TRANSFERRED TO PONDS & ALLOWED TO HATCH.
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
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EGGS COLLECTED BY THE ABOVE MATHODS MAY BE GROWN IN NATURAL CONDITIONS IN A POND OR IN INCUBATORS.
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A CONTINOUS SUPPLY OF FLOWING WATER IS MAINTENED.
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THIS MAINTAINS PROPER OXYGEN LEVELS & HELPS TO REMOVE THE WASTE MATERIAL .
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SIZE OF THE POND OR INCUBATOR , AMOUNT & CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WATER & OTHER CONDITIONS ARE DIFFERENT FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF FISHES & THEIR EGGS.
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DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF FISH , DIFFERENT TIME PERIODS ARE REQUIRED FOR THE EGGS TO COMPLETE THE DEVELOPMENT & YOUNGONES TO HATCH OUT, THAT FISH IS VERY SMALL MEANS “FEW MM” IN LENGTH.
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THEY TRANSFERRED TO PONDS & MAINTAINEDTILL THEY GROW TO THE REQUIRED SIZE.
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
NURSERY POND REARING POND STOCKING POND DEPTH METRES 1.2 TO 1.5 M UP TO 2 M 2.5 M AREA HECTARES SIZE OF THE FISH 0.02 TO 0.8 H 5.6MM -30 MM UPTO 0.1 H UPTO 2. 0 H 30 MM – 100 MM 100 MM TO MAXIMUM SIZE PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT AS THE ENTIRE ECONOMY OF THE FISH FARM DEPENDS ON THE SITE WHERE THE POND IS CONSTRUCTED .
THE SOIL IN THE POND MUST BE ABLE TO HOLD WATER .
AMONG DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOILS, CLAY SOIL IS BEST SUITED AS IT ABSORBS & HOLDS WATER.AN IDEAL SITE FOR A FISH FARM WOULD BE A GENTLY SLOPING LAND WITH HIGH BANKING ON THREE SITES & AN OUTLET ONE SIDE.
THIS SAVES A LOT OF EXPENDITURE BY CLOSING OR OPENING OUTLET , WATER CAN BE RETAINED TO THE DESIRE LEVEL OR DEPTH PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8 th B