1. Psychology is currently defined as: • • A) the scientific study of behavior.

• B) the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

• C) the scientific study of biological and cognitive processes.

D) the scientific study of motives and conflicts.

5.

Together, three different levels form an integrated approach to understanding psychological processes. This approach is called: • • • • A) neuro-developmental.

B) biopsychosocial.

C) bio-mental-behavioral.

D) cognitive-behavioral.

6. Julie appeared not to be surprised when the couple broke up. “ I could have predicted that, ” she said. Julie is demonstrating: • • • A) ESP.

B) hindsight bias.

C) overestimation the extent to which others share her opinion.

• D) correlation proves causation.

7. To have a scientific attitude, we should not just believe something we have been told, we should examine the evidence, ask questions and come to our own conclusions. This process is called: • • • • A) a hypothesis.

B) an experiment.

C) critical thinking.

D) logical reasoning.

8. A hypothesis is a(n): • • • • A) testable prediction that gives direction to research.

B) way to organize facts.

C) process of linking facts to deeper principles.

D) set of principles that explains newly discovered facts.

10. The following is an example of an operational definition: • A) stress is defined as how well a person adjusts to his/her environment.

• B) personality is defined as how well that person relates to others.

• C) empathy is defined as showing you can understand the other person ’ s feelings.

• D) intelligence is defined as a score on an intelligence test.

• E) all of the above.

11. When everybody has an equal chance of being included in a study, this process is called: • • • • A) unbiased reporting.

B) a survey.

C) a random sample.

D) reliability.

15. Consistently, we find low self-esteem is often related with high levels of depression. This means: • • • A) low self-esteem causes depression.

B) depression causes low self-esteem.

C) low self-esteem and depression are caused by a third factor.

• D) they are correlated but this does not prove causation.

18. Neither the researcher nor the subjects knew whether or not they received the drug studied or a placebo. This is an example of: • • • • A) expectancy effects.

B) placebo effects.

C) a double-blind study.

D) nothing. It would be ridiculous.

20. Dr. Schulte wants to investigate if aggressive behavior in children is increased if they view violent videos. In this instance, the dependent variable is: • • • • A) violent videos.

B) aggressive behavior.

C) a placebo.

D) the control condition.

1. Branching fibers extending out from the cell body to receive information from other neurons are called: • • • • A) axons.

B) glial cells.

C) dendrites.

D) axon terminals.

2. ___ wrap(s) many axons, insulating them and speeding their impulses.

• • • • A) Sodium ions B) Myelin C) Glial cells D) Potassium ions

3. The brief electrical impulse transmitted along the axon is called the: • • • • A) action potential.

B) stimulus threshold.

C) electrical cascade.

D) sodium pump.

4. After neurotransmitters are released into the synapse, many are reabsorbed through a process called: • • • • A) synaptic transmission.

B) reuptake.

C) all-or-none.

D) reabsorption.

7. The ___ receives information from all the senses except smell. • • • • A) hippocampus B) amygdala C) thalamus D) angular gyrus

8. The ____ is located at the back of the brain and is responsible for muscle coordination, posture and equilibrium.

• • • • A) corpus callosum B) reticular formation C) pons D) cerebellum

10. Auditory information is received and processed in the: • • • • A) somatosensory cortex.

B) occipital lobe.

C) temporal lobe.

D) frontal lobe.

11. An impaired use of language due to a brain lesion is known as:

• • • • A) tomography.

B) aphasia.

C) plasticity.

D) phrenology.

12. The ability of one part of the brain to take over the function of another in case of injury is called: • • • • A) plasticity.

B) neurogenesis.

C) brain reintegration.

D) neural net reformation.

13. After Sam ’ s stroke, he had difficulty speaking, but could understand what others were saying to him. He likely had damage to: • • • • A) Wernicke B) Broca ’ ’ s Area.

s Area.

C) his Thalamus.

D) his parietal lobe.

14. After a sky-diving accident, Laurie was unable to make sense of other people ’ s speech. It is likely that her cortex was damaged in: • • • • A) the sensory area.

B) Broca ’ s area.

C) the angular gyrus.

D) Wernicke ’ s area.

16. In order for you to experience the pain of being stuck with a pin, ___ must first relay messages from your ankle to your central nervous system.

• • • • A) the limbic system B) interneurons C) sensory neurons D) the reticular formation

17. When you ’ re stressed and your heart races, perspiration increases and pupils dilate, the ___ is activated.

• • • • A) somatic nervous system B) parasympathetic branch C) sympathetic branch D) spinal reflex

18. James touched a hot stove. His hand immediately recoiled before he knew it was hot. The sequence of this reflex is: • • • • A) sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons.

B) sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons.

C) interneurons, sensory neurons, motor neurons.

D) interneurons, motor neurons, sensory neurons.

19. The ____ system is made up of glands which secret ___ into the bloodstream.

• • • • A) peripheral nervous; antagonists B) sympathetic; neurotransmitters C) autonomic; action potentials D) endocrine; hormones

21. This device is often used to diagnose seizure activity by recording electrical activity of the brain: • • • • A) brain lesion.

B) EEG.

C) PET scan.

D) MRI.

22. A person with a “ split brain ” surgery to cut the: had • • • • A) frontal lobe.

B) corpus callosum.

C) sensory from the motor strip.

D) cerebellum from the cerebral cortex.

23. The person most likely to suggest that the shape of a person ’ s skull indicates the extent to which that individual is argumentative and aggressive would be a: • • • • A) neurologist.

B) behavior geneticist.

C) psychoanalyst.

D) phrenologist.

24: Phineas Gage had extensive damage to his ____ of the brain, effecting his ____.

• • • • A) frontal lobe; personality B) right hemisphere; speech C) left temporal lobe; reasoning D) cerebellum; coordination

25. Stimulate this area in a cat, and it will either fear a mouse or become extremely aggressive.

• • • • A) hippocampus.

B) hypothalamus.

C) amygdala.

D) thalamus.

1. Consciousness is: • • • • A) the ability to solve problems, reason, and remember.

B) the sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem.

C) the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.

D) our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

4. Altered states of consciousness are physiologically induced, like ___; and psychologically induced, like ___.

• • • A) hallucinations; meditation B) dreaming; hallucinations C) sensory deprivation; oxygen deprivation • D) hallucinations; oxygen deprivation

5.

An evolutionary explanation about why we sleep would be to: • • • • A) repair our brain.

B) promote growth.

C) keep us safe.

D) help us to remember.

6. Biological processes that systematically vary over a period of 24 hours are called: • • • • A) daily regimens.

B) circadian rhythms.

C) sleep-wake cycles.

D) lunar cycles.

7. A hormone manufactured by the pineal gland that produces sleepiness is: • • • • A) serotonin.

B) melatonin.

C) L-triptophan.

D) dopamine.

8. The brain enters a high amplitude, slow, regular wave form called _____ during stage 2 sleep.

• • • • A) alpha waves.

B) paradoxical sleep.

C) theta waves.

D) delta waves.

9. Sleep deprivation has been shown to:

• • • • A) increase attentiveness to highly motivating tasks.

B) reduce hypertension.

C) enhance memory.

D) diminish immunity to disease.

11. People who are highly susceptible to hypnosis: • • • • A) have a weak will.

B) have a great imagination.

C) have to want to be hypnotized.

D) have a short attention span.

13. Police Chief Olson is considering using a hypnotist to help an eye-witness recall the events of a crime. The Chief needs to know that: • • • • A) hypnosis can help if the hypnotist is highly qualified.

B) there is an increased risk of false memories with hypnosis.

C) hypnosis can result in more forgetting.

D) hypnosis can only help if used along with a polygraph.

14. One plausible theory suggests that hypnosis relieves pain by: • • • • A) distracting attention.

B) blocking sensory input.

C) eliciting a deep, REM-like state.

D) “ fooling ” the subject to believe there is no pain.

15. When hypnosis influences behavior after the hypnotic state, the subject was given a: • • • • A) posthypnotic amnesia.

B) hypnotic command.

C) command suggestion.

D) posthypnotic suggestion.

16. Two factors involved in determining physical dependence are: • • • • A) tolerance and withdrawal.

B) drug type and amount.

C) quantity and frequency.

D) psycho-activity and abuse.

17. The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of: • • • • A) withdrawal.

B) dissociation.

C) resistance.

D) tolerance.

18. Repeated use of an opiate: • • • • A) decreases the brain ’ s reproduction of endorphins.

B) increases heart and breathing rates.

C) does not seem to be followed by serious withdrawal symptoms.

D) triggers auditory as well as visual hallucinations.

19. The drug Ecstasy has the dangerous side-effect of: • • • • A) causing dehydration, overheating, increased blood pressure, death.

B) increasing the risk of chronic depression.

C) impairing memory.

D) all of the above.

20. When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria. As someone comes off this “ high ” , the end result is a depressive crash caused • • • • by: A) depletion of dopamine.

B) depletion of norepinephrine.

C) depletion of serotonin.

D) all of the above.

21. After ingesting a small dose of a drug, Jen experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body. She most likely experienced the effects of: • • • • A) cocaine.

B) LSD.

C) heroin.

D) marijuana.

22. Which of the following is an amphetamine that acts as a mild hallucinogen?

• • • • A) Marijuana B) Nembutal C) Ecstasy D) LSD

23. According to Ernest Hilgard ’ s theory of hypnosis:.

• • • • A) becoming hypnotized depends on the willingness of the subject.

B) the subject ’ s consciousness is split.

C) everyone can become hypnotized if the hypnotist is trained.

D) it is just another form of concentration.

25. The best indication that dreaming serves a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that: • • • • A) most dreams are psychologically meaningless.

B) the disruption of REM sleep leads to narcolepsy.

C) most mammals experience REM rebound.

D) tension is naturally discharged during REM sleep.