        Enzymes are biological catalysts We produce these chemicals, to speed up or slow down biological changes Enzymes are proteins, long chain molecules of amino acids Enzyme catalysts are not changed or used up Each enzyme is substance/substrate specific It fits exactly the substance to be changed Enzymes need the right pH and temperature They are denatured by overheating.

   Enzymes from microorganisms have many uses Proteases and lipases are used in the manufacture of biological detergents Proteases, carbohydrases and isomerase are used in food manufacture

 Enzymes are used in  Biological Washing powders to digest food stains- protease and lipase enzymes are found in biological washing powders  These washing powders work at lower temperatures so save money

  Protease enzymes to pre digest proteins in baby food  Suggest why baby food may need some of the protein food pre digested

 These enzymes convert glucose to fructose.

 Fructose is much sweeter than glucose so less is needed in foods so they are less fattening so often used in slimming foods

 These change starch to sugar syrup for use in foods we use alot of glucose syrup in in food production- look at food labels  Starch is cheap as it is made from corn starch so this is a cheap way of producing sweetness

 In industry enzymes can be used to speed up reactions at low temperatures and normal pressures- very useful as many processes would need high temperatures and high pressures to run fast enough without the enzymes

 Enzymes are very sensitive to their surroundings  The temperatures must be kept down – below 45 degrees centigrade  pH must be controlled  it costs money to control these things

 You have to give the microbes food and oxygen to make the enzyme and remove waste products

 List 3 enzymes and how they are used in the food industry  Explain why biological washing powders are more effective than non biological ones at lower temperatures  But they are not more effective at high temperatures

 Be able to explain how biological detergents work  Describe some ways in which enzymes are used in the food industry