ADMINISTRATION OF OXYGEN
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Transcript ADMINISTRATION OF OXYGEN
ADMINISTRATION OF
OXYGEN
SHARON HARVEY
LEARNING OUTCOMES
THE STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
REVIEW THE PHYSIOLOGICAL
REQUIREMENTS OF THE BODY FOR
OXYGEN. IDENTIFY WHEN OXYGEN
THERAPY MAY BE NEEDED FOR AN ADULT
AND CHILD
DEMONSTRATE HOW OXYGEN THERAPY
SHOULD BE PRESCRIBED USING A
PRESCRIPTION/MEDICATION CHART
LEARNING OUTCOMES
DISCUSS THE SAFE AND EFFECTIVE
DELIVERY OF OXYGEN THERAPY WITH
PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO:
USE OF COMMON DELIVERY APPARATUS
(FACEMASKS, NASAL CANNULA) FOR ADULT
AND CHILD
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS (THE CORRECT
FLOW RATE, AVOIDANCE OF NAKED FLAME)
STORAGE AND DELIVERY OF OXYGEN IN
CLINICAL AREAS
LEARNING OUTCOMES
DISCUSS THE PATIENT’S EXPERIENCE WHEN
UNDERGOING OXYGEN THERAPY
IDENTIFY EFFECTIVE NURSING INTERVENTIONS TO
SUPPORT THE PATIENT, E.G. ORAL HYGIENCE,
ADEQUATE FLUID INTAKE, CORRECT POSITIONING
TO ACHIEVE MAXIMUM VENTILATION OF LUNGS
DISCUSS THE INDICATIONS AND
CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR A CHILD AND ADULT:
NASOPHARYNGEAL AND OROPHARYNGEAL SUCTIONING
LOWER AIRWAY SUCTIONING
SUCTIONING OF THE TRACHEOSTOMY
OXYGENATION
OXYGEN – A PRESCRIBED DRUG
MUST BE WRITTEN LEGIBLY BY THE
DOCTOR
PRESCRIPTION SHOULD BE DATED BY THE
DOCTOR
DOCTOR MUST INDICATE DURATION OF O2
THERAPY
THE O2 % CONCENTRATION MUST BE
PRESCRIBED
THE FLOW RATE MUST BE PRESCRIBED
INDICATION FOR OXYGEN THERAPY
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
CARDIAC FAILURE
SHOCK
HYPERMETABOLIC STATE INDUCED BY
TRAUMA, BURNS OR SEPSIS
ANAEMIA
CYANIDE POISONING
DURING CPR
DURING ANAESTHESIA FOR SURGERY
OXYGEN DELIVERY SYSTEMS
BASIC COMPONENTS OF A OXYGEN
DELIVERY SYSTEM
PIPED OR
PORTABLE
CYLINDER
OXYGEN SUPPLY
A REDUCTION
GAUGE
FLOW METER
(LITRES/MIN)
BASIC COMPONENTS OF A OXYGEN
DELIVERY SYSTEM
DISPOSABLE
TUBING OF
VARYING DIAMETER
AND WIDTH
MECHANISM FOR
DELIVERY (MASK
OR CANNULA)
HUMIDIFIER (TO
WARM AND
MOISTEN THE O2
METHODS OF ADMINISTERING
OXYGEN
SIMPLE SEMI-RIGID MASKS
NASAL CANNULA
FIXED PERFORMACE MASKS OR HIGH-FLOW
MASKS (VENTURI)
T-PIECE CIRCUIT
PAEDIATRIC CIRCUITS - HEADBOX OR HOOD
- O2 TENT/COT
TRACHEOSTOMY MASK
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE (CPAP)
HUMIDIFICATION OF OXYGEN
NORMAL AIR TRAVELLING THROUGH THE
AIRWAYS IS WARMED, MOISTENED AND FILTERED
BY EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE NASOPHARYNX
THE AIR ENTERING THE TRACHEA WILL HAVE A
RELATIVE HUMITY OF 90% AND A TEMPERATURE
OF BETWEEN 32-36 C
OXYGENATION WILL CAUSE DEHYDRATION OF THE
MUCUS MEMBRANES AND PULMONARY
SECRETIONS
HUMIDITY IS ESSENTIAL FOR PATIENTS WHO
HAVE AN ENDOTRACHEAL OR TRACHEOSTOMY
TUBE
HUMIDIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
HUMIDIFICATION AND TEMPERATURE
SHOULD NOT BE AFFECTED BY THE FLOW
RATE
SAFETY ALARMS SHOULD GUARD AGAINST
OVERHEATING, OVER HYDRATION AND
ELECTRIC SHOCK
NO INCREASED RESISTENCE TO
RESPIRATION
WIDE BORE TUBING (ELEPHANT) SHOULD
BE USED TO ALLOW SUFFICIENT
FORMATION OF WATER VAPOUR
HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES WITH
O2
MEDICAL GAS
CYLINDERS HAVE
TO CONFORM TO
COLOUR CODING
CURRENTLY
OXYGEN
CYLINDERS ARE
BLACK WITH WHITE
SHOULDERS.
HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES WITH
OXYGEN
OXYGEN IS
COMBUSTIBLE
OIL AND GREASE
AROUND
CONNECTIONS
SHOULD BE AVOIDED
ALCOHOL, ETHER AND
INFLAMMATORY
LIQUIDS SHOULD BE
KEPT SEPARATE FROM
O2
NO ELECTRICAL DEVICES
NEAR 02 TENT
NO SMOKING
FIRE EXTINGUISHER NEEDS
TO BE AVAILABLE
CARE WITH USING
DEFIBRILLATOR NEAR HIGH
OXYGEN
CONCENTRATIONS
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
CO2 NARCOSIS
CO2 LEVELS IN THE BLOOD NORMALLY INFLUENCES
RESPIRATION
PATIENTS WHO ARE HYPERCAPNIC CO2
E.G. CHRONIC BRONCHITIS, HAVE THEIR BRAIN
CHEMORECEPTORS NO LONGER SENSITIVE TO
LEVELS
CO2
- INSTEAD THE HYPOXIC DRIVE BECOMES THE
RESPIRATORY DRIVE I.E. O2 IS THE DRIVE FOR
RESPIRATION
- HIGH LEVELS OF SUPPLEMENTARY O2 MAY LEAD TO
REPIRATORY DEPRESSION/UNCONSCIOUSNESS AND
DEATH
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
OXYGEN TOXICITY
THIS FOLLOWS AFTER PROLONGED O2 THERAPY
(>24 HOURS)
THERE IS DECREASING LUNG COMPLIANCE FROM
HAEMORRHAGIC INTERSITIAL AND INTRAALVEOLAR OEDEMA
THIS ULTIMATELY LEADS TO FIBROSIS OF LUNG
TISSUE
>24 HOURS AND > 50 % O2 THERAPY SHOULD BE
AVOIDED
PRINCIPLES OF
SUCTIONING
SHARON HARVEY
PRINCIPLES OF SUCTIONING
THREE PRIMARY SUCTIONING
TECHNIQUES ARE:
OROPHARANGEAL/
NASOPHARANGEAL SUCTIONING
OROTRACHEAL AND NASOTRACHEAL
SUCTIONING
SUCTIONING AN ARTIFICAL AIRWAY
SIGNS OF A NEED FOR
SUCTIONING
RESPIRATORY RATE
CHANGE IN
RESPIRATORY
PATTERN
NOISY BREATHING
DIFFICULTY
SUCTIONING
REDUCED OR UNEVEN
AIR ENTRY
INCREASED AIRWAY
PRESSURE
SURGICAL
EMPHYSEMA OR
OTHER NECK
SWELLING
DISTRESSED
PATIENT
HYPOXIA
THE ABILITY TO
HEAR THE PATIENT
SPEAK WHEN CUFF
IS INFLATED
PRINCIPLES OF SUCTIONING
OROPHARYNGEAL SUCTIONING REMOVES
SECRETIONS FROM THE PHARYNX VIA A
CATHETER PLACED THROUGH THE MOUTH
OR NOSTRILS
THIS TYPE OF SUCTIONING IS USED WHEN
THE PATIENT S ABLE TO COUGH
EFFECTIVELY BUT UNABLE TO CLEAR
SECRETIONS BY EXPECTORATING OR
SWALLOWING
PROCEDURE IS CARRIED OUT AFTER THE
PATIENT HAS COUGHED
ASSESSMENT PRIOR TO
SUCTIONING
ABNORMAL BREATHING SOUNDS
IRREGULAR RESPIRATORY PATTERN
CHANGES IN SECRETIONS
INCREASE IN COUGHING INCIDENTS
CHANGE IN PATIENT’S APPEARANCE
COMPLICATIONS OF SUCTIONING
TRAUMA
HYPOXIA
INFECTION
OROPHARYNGEAL SUCTIONING
MEASUREMENTS?
ALWAYS USE THE SMALLEST DIAMETER SUCTION
CATHETER POSSIBLE TO REMOVE THE
SECRETIONS
FOR ADULTS USE CATHETERS SIZE 12-16 FRENCH
GAUGE
FOR CHILDREN USE 8-12 CATHETER GAUGE
INSERTION DEPTH
FOR NASOPHARYNGEAL SUCTIONING:
ADULTS INSERT ABOUT 16CM
INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN 4-8 CM
OROPHARYNGEAL SUCTIONING
CAUTION ON PATIENTS WITH:
NASOPHARYNGEAL BLEED OR CSF LEAK
ANTI COAGULANT THERAPY
OROPHARYNGEAL SUCTIONING
PROCEDURE
REVIEW OXYGEN SATURATIONS AND BREATHING
PATTERN
EVALUATE ABILITY TO COUGH
CHECK HISTORY FOR DEVIATED SEPTUM, NASAL
POLYPS, NASAL OBSTRUCTION, TRAUMATIC
INJURY, EPISTAXIS OR MUCOSAL SWELLING
EXPLAIN PROCEDURE
INFORM THAT SUCTIONING MAY CAUSE TRANSIENT
COUGHING AND GAGGING
MINIMISE ANXIETY
POSITION PATIENT IN AN UPRIGHT POSITION TO
PROMOTE LUNG EXPANSION
OROPHARYNGEAL SUCTIONING
TURN ON SUCTION (80-120 MMHG)
EXCESSIVE PRESSRE MAY CAUSE
TRAUMA
OCCLUDE THE END OF CONNECTING
TUBE TO CHECK SUCTION PRESSURE
ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE
USE LUBRICANT IF THE CATHETER IS
PASSED THROUGH NASAL PASSAGE
OROPHARYNGEAL SUCTION
USE YOUR DOMINANT HAND TO CONTROL
THE CATHETER
USE YOUR OTHER HAND TO CONTROL
SUCTION VALVE
PATIENT TO COUGH AND BREATH DEEPLY
BEFORE SUCTIONING
COUGHING HELPS TO LOOSEN
SECRETIONS
DEEP BREATHING HELPS TO MINIMISE
HYPOXIA AND LUNG COLLAPSE
OROPHARYNGEAL SUCTIONING
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
ALTERNATE BETWEEN NASAL PASSAGES
TO MINIMISE TRAUMATIC IJURY
WHERE REPEATED SUCTIONING IS
REQUIRED, A PHARYNGEAL AIRWAY WILL
HELP WITH CATHETER INSERTION,
REDUCE TRAUMA AND PROMOTE PATENT
AIRWAY
RESPT PATIENT AFTER SUCTIONING AND
OBSERVE
OROPHARYNGEAL SUCTIONING
COMPLICATIONS
DYSNOEA
BLOODY ASPIRATE
DOCUMENTATION
RECORD THE DATE
TIME
PROCEDURE
TECHNIQUE
REASON FOR SUCTIONING