Transcript Aerospace Dimensions 2 Chapter 1

AIRCRAFT
SYSTEMS
AND
AIRPORTS
Aerospace Dimensions
Module 2
AEROSPACE DIMENSIONS
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS AND AIRPORTS
MODULE 2
Chapter 1 Airplane Systems
After completion of this chapter, you should be able to:
• Explain how a reciprocating engine operates.
• Identify parts of the airplane engine when viewed
externally.
• Explain how a jet engine operates.
• Identify basic cockpit-mounted powerplant controls.
• Identify basic flight instruments.
AIRPLANE SYSTEMS
IMPORTANT TERMS - Speaking The Language of Airplane
Systems
• powerplant- a term which applies to the airplane's
engine and its accessories.
• reciprocating- a type of engine that processes air and
fuel by a back and forth movement of its internal
parts.
• cycle- a recurring series of events. The airplane engine
has four cycles, intake, compression, power and
exhaust.
• combustion- the chemical process of burning.
• combustion chamber- an enclosed container in which
fuel and air are burned for the production of energy.
AIRPLANE SYSTEMS
IMPORTANT TERMS - Speaking The Language of Airplane
Systems
• stroke-in the example of an airplane engine, it is the
movement of the piston, within the combustion
chamber, to its limits.
• compression- the act of making a given volume of gas
smaller.
• Stoichiometric - a ratio of fuel to air in which, upon
combustion, all of the fuel is burned. In energy terms,
it is 15 parts air to 1 part gasoline.
• rich mixture- a mixture of gasoline and air in which
there is more gasoline and less air than needed for
normal combustion.
AIRPLANE SYSTEMS
IMPORTANT TERMS - Speaking The Language of Airplane
Systems
• lean mixture- a mixture of gasoline and air in which
there is less fuel and more air.
• fuel- a chemical substance which is used as a source of
energy. Aircraft fuels include gasoline, kerosene and
propane.
• meter/ metering- In terms of fuel for an engine, this is
the process of allowing a precise amount of fuel to
pass. An example would be a passageway that allows
only so many molecules of gasoline to pass in a given
unit of time.
Inside of Engine
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/engine2.htm
Types of Engines
Engine Videos: 1 2 3
Types of Engines
Power plant controls
Review Questions
1. Cylinders in small aircraft engines are most often arranged
a. Like a "L."
b. In an "X" configuration.
c. In a "T" configuration.
d. In a horizontally-opposed configuration.
2. When fossil fuels are used to create thrust, it is
a. The process of converting mechanical energy into chemical
energy.
b. The process of converting chemical energy into mechanical
energy.
c. Bernoulli's principle.
d. Newton's first law of creation.
Review Questions
3. Which engine does not require atmospheric air?
a. Reciprocating
b. Jet
c. Rocket
d. Gyro
4. Which of the following engine components uses Bernoulli's
principle?
a. An alternator
b. A carburetor
c. A magneto
d. A piston
Review Questions
5. What instrument uses the principle of a gyroscope for
operation? (Select the most right answer)
a. Altimeter
b. Attitude indicator
c. Heading indicator
d. Both b and c are correct.
6. Under standard conditions, a parcel of air, one square inch and
50 miles tall, weighs
a. 29.92 pounds
b. 1013.2 grams
c. 14.7 pounds
d. None of the above are correct.