Transcript Loyalists, patriots, Elijah Clarke, Austin Dabney, Nancy Hart, Button

Significant
Georgian in the
Revolutionary
War
Loyalists and patriots
Standard SS8H3.b – Analyze the significance of people and events in
GA on the Revolutionary War; include Loyalists, patriots, Elijah Clarke,
Austin Dabney, Nancy Hart, Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George
Walton.
Who, what, when, where, and why?
Loyalist (Tories) – loyal to Great
Britain. Opposed the war. About 3/5
of Georgians were loyalists at the
outbreak of the American Revolution.
1/3 of all American colonists (in all 13
original colonies) remained loyal
throughout the war!
Patriots (Whigs) – Supported the war
for independence. Were ready to cut
ties with Mama Britain.
Significant
Georgian in the
Revolutionary
War
Button Gwinnett,
Lyman Hall, and
George Walton
Standard SS8H3.b – Analyze the significance of people and events
in GA on the Revolutionary War; include Loyalists, patriots, Elijah
Clarke, Austin Dabney, Nancy Hart, Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall,
and George Walton.
Who, what, when, where, and why?
• These three men signed the Declaration of
Independence on Aug. 2, 1776 on behalf of Georgia.
• Declaration adopted almost a month earlier on
July 4, 1776 though.
• Their signatures appear on the left side of the
Declaration right under the signature of John
Hancock, the president of the 2nd Continental
Congress.
• Georgians didn’t find out how these men had voted
or even what the Declaration said until over a month
later.
• George Walton, at age 26, was the youngest signer
of the Declaration and Button Gwinnett’s autograph
is a collector’s dream – valued at more than
$250,000.
Significant Georgian Who, what, when, where, and why?
in the Revolutionary
War
Col. Elijah Clarke
• Military officer from the Georgia militia
(fought w/ Col. John Dooley)
• He led patriots to victory at The Battle of
Kettle Creek in Feb. of 1779.
• British strength - more than 800
• GA militia strength – little over 300
• Huge moral booster - GA militia was able to
take weapons and horses from the British
during and after the battle.
•Took over 150 British soldiers as
prisoners, over 350 B.S. escape, and 300
B.S. die or flee
• Minor when compared to other battles
outside Georgia.
Significant Georgian
in the Revolutionary
War
Who, what, when, where, and why?
Austin Dabney
• Enslaved black (mixed) man (born as a free
man, then later enslaved) who fought with
Elijah Clarke at the B.O.K.C.
• Took the place of another man in the state
militia.
•Credited with saving E. Clarke’s life after
Clarke’s horse is shot out from underneath
him. Dabney gives Clarke his own horse,
despite being wounded himself, so Clarke can
continue to lead troops in battle.
• After much debate, he was given a 50 acre
tract of land after the war in 1786 (and another
later in1821) in Madison County, GA; money to
buy his freedom; and is given a federal stipend
for the remainder of his life.
Significant
Who, what, when, where, and why?
Georgian in the
Revolutionary War
Nancy Hart
According to contemporary
accounts, "Aunt Nancy," was a
tall, gangly woman who towered
six feet in height. Like the frontier
she inhabited, she was roughhewn and rawboned, with red hair
and a smallpox-scarred face. She
was also cross-eyed. One early
account pointed out that Hart had
"no share of beauty—a fact she
herself would have readily
acknowledged, had she ever
enjoyed an opportunity of looking
into a mirror."
• Georgia’s most famous war heroine.
• Devout patriot known for her determined efforts
to rid the area of Tories and English soldiers.
• Killed a British loyalists and held 4 others captive
at her home when she discovers that they
murdered her patriot neighbor Col. John Dooley.
• Participated as a patriot spy and messenger
during the war.
• For most of the war, she was left alone to fend
for herself and her children while her husband
served as a lieutenant in the GA militia under
Elijah Clarke.
•Some say she fought at the B.O.K.C.!
• Only county to be named for female in GA, Hart
County, named for her.
Significant
Who, what, when, where, and why?
Georgian in the
Revolutionary War
James Wright and
Most popular and effective of all Georgia’s Royal
the Rice Boat Battle Governors. Made GA economically prosperous
and fortified defenses around Savannah. Arrested
by Liberty Boys at outbreak of war, imprisoned, but
escapes and boards a British warship during the
“Battle of the Rice Boats” in Savannah in March
1776. British warships were trying to steal GA rice
not take over Savannah. He comes back to govern
GA after the Siege of Savannah and leaves again
when it is clear that Americans will win the war.
Significant
Who, what, when, where, and why?
Georgian in the
Revolutionary
War
Lachlan
McIntosh
• Arrived in Georgia from Scotland at eight years of age,
part of a group of Scots settlers led by his father, John
McIntosh Mohr, who established the town of Darien in
1736.
• When his father was captured by the Spanish and
imprisoned in 1740, McIntosh lived at Bethesda, the
orphanage near Savannah.
•Two years later he left Bethesda on orders from
General James Oglethorpe to serve as a cadet in the
military regiment at Fort Frederica.
•After this, he was ran several very successful rice
plantations in SC and in Darien, GA, and he became a
wealthy man.
Significant
Who, what, when, where, and why?
Georgian in the
Revolutionary
War
Lachlan
McIntosh
• In January 1775, he helped organize delegates to the
Provincial Congress from the Darien District.
• McIntosh served during the Revolutionary War (177583), and by January 1776 he had been appointed to the
command of the Georgia Battalion with the rank of
colonel.
•He organized the defense of Savannah and repelled a
British assault at the Battle of the Rice Boats in the
Savannah River. Promoted to the rank of brigadier
general in the Continental army, McIntosh laid plans for
the defense of Georgia's southern flank from British
incursions from Florida.
•He became embroiled in a political dispute with Button
Gwinnett, who wanted the command of the Georgia
forces and was resentful of McIntosh's success and
advancement.
Significant
Who, what, when, where, and why?
Georgian in the
Revolutionary
War
Lachlan
McIntosh
• He served with General George Washington at Valley
Forge, Pennsylvania, in the difficult winter of 1778, then
was assigned to the important command of the Western
Department.
• With Washington's support, McIntosh was entrusted
with leading an expedition against Britain's Indian allies
in the Ohio Valley.
• McIntosh established two forts, Fort Laurens and Fort
McIntosh, which helped solidify American control of the
Northwest after the Revolution.
• McIntosh County, on the Georgia coast, was
named in honor of his family.
Standards Review –
Highlight the following:
SS8H2
The student will analyze the colonial period of Georgia's history.
Element: SS8H2.a
Explain the importance of James Oglethorpe, the Charter of 1732, reasons for settlement
(charity, economics, and defense), Tomochichi, Mary Musgrove, and the city of Savannah.
Element: SS8H2.b
Evaluate the Trustee Period of Georgia's colonial history, emphasizing the role of the
Salzburgers, Highland Scots, malcontents, and the Spanish threat from Florida.
Element: SS8H2.c
Explain the development of Georgia as a royal colony with regard to land ownership, slavery,
government, and the impact of the royal governors.
SS8H3
The student will analyze the role of Georgia in the American Revolution.
Element: SS8H3.a
Explain the immediate and long-term causes of the American Revolution and their impact on
Georgia; include the French and Indian War (i.e., Seven Years War), Proclamation of
1763, Stamp Act, Intolerable Acts, and the Declaration of Independence.
Element: SS8H3.b
Analyze the significance of people and events in Georgia on the Revolutionary War; include
Loyalists, patriots, Elijah Clarke, Austin Dabney, Nancy Hart, Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall,
George Walton, Battle of Kettle Creek, and siege of Savannah.
Turn in Instructions for Warm-ups:
1. Take out all warm-ups for the past 4
weeks.
1. This would be for the following dates:
Sept. 14 – Nov. 12
2. Make sure your name and class period
are in the upper-right hand corner of your
top sheet.
3. I will staple for you when I collect your
papers