Chapter 20 Section 1

Objectives

• Describe early attempts by the United States to expand in the Pacific.

• List the reasons many Americans came to favor expansion.

• Explain how the United States gained the territories of Samoa and Hawaii.

• Describe how the United States protected its trading rights in China.

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Chapter 20 Section 1

Terms and People

• Matthew C. Perry – Commodore of the Navy who led a squadron of U.S. warships to Japan to open trade with the nation • isolationism – policy of avoiding involvement in other countries’ affairs • imperialism – building empires by imposing political and economic control over peoples around the world • Frederick Jackson Turner American history – historian who argued that the western frontier defined Eyes on the Pacific

Chapter 20 Section 1

Terms and People (Continued)

• Liliuokalani – Queen of Hawaii who advocated for Hawaiian independence • sphere of influence – areas where another nation has economic and political control Eyes on the Pacific

Chapter 20 Section 1

How did the United States acquire new territory and expand trade in the Asia Pacific region?

In the mid-1800s, the United States was ready to take on new challenges.

Finding new trading partners Eyes on the Pacific Acquiring new land

Chapter 20 Section 1

U.S. merchants longed to trade with Japan, which had blocked outside trade for 250 years. In 1853,

Matthew C. Perry

led U.S. warships into Tokyo Bay.

The Japanese were awed by Perry’s ships. In 1854, Japan agreed to trade with the U.S.

Eyes on the Pacific

Chapter 20 Section 1 In 1867, U.S. Secretary of State William Seward arranged the purchase of Alaska from Russia.

• He hoped to Pacific.

open trade in Asia and the • Critics thought the land was worthless. They called the deal “Seward’s Folly.” Alaska turned out to be rich in gold and other resources.

Eyes on the Pacific

Chapter 20 Section 1 Until the late 1800s, American foreign policy differed from that of many European nations.

America

The U.S. generally pursued a policy of

isolationism.

It did not get involved in other nations’ affairs.

European Nations

Many nations undertook a policy of

imperialism.

They wanted to expand into new territories.

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Chapter 20 Section 1

In the late 1800s, America was gripped by a new spirit of expansionism.

Supporters made several arguments about the benefits of expansionism.

Promote economic growth

Expansionism

Spread American values Eyes on the Pacific

Chapter 20 Section 1 Causes and Effects of U.S. Expansionism

• • • •

Causes

Western frontier closes.

European nations acquire overseas colonies and compete for resources and markets.

U.S. industry needs to acquire raw materials and find new markets in which to sell its products.

Some in the U.S. want to spread American culture and values.

• • • • •

Effects

U.S. navy grows in size and power.

U.S. gains control of territories in the Caribbean and the Pacific.

U.S. issues Open Door Policy (all nations can trade with China).

U.S. builds Panama Canal.

U.S. sends troops to Latin American nations to protect its interests.

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Chapter 20 Section 1

U.S. expansionists expressed interest in many Pacific Island chains, including Samoa.

Three nations fought for Samoa.

U.S.

Samoa Britain

In 1899, the U.S. and Germany divided Samoa.

Germany

The people of Samoa had no say in the matter.

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Chapter 20 Section 1

Americans also eyed ideal for a Hawaii, because its location was military outpost between the U.S. and Asia.

1820 American planters came to Hawaii and set up huge sugar plantations.

1887 Planters forced the Hawaiian king to accept a new constitution. 1891

Liliuokalani

became Hawaii’s queen. She advocated for Hawaiian independence.

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Chapter 20 Section 1

In 1893, American planters organized an uprising that ultimately led the U.S. to annex Hawaii.

A U.S. official sent 50 Marines to Hawaii.

The Marines overthrew the queen.

Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898.

President Cleveland declared the revolt illegal.

President McKinley signed a treaty to annex Hawaii.

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Chapter 20 Section 1

Eyes on the Pacific Expansion across the Pacific allowed the U.S. to gain resources, open new markets, and encourage trade.

Chapter 20 Section 1

In the late 1800s, China was weakened by war. Other nations took advantage of this weakness.

European powers and Japan forced China to grant them land and trading rights.

They divided China into

spheres of influence.

U.S. Secretary of State wanted to keep an “open door” in China. He wanted to preserve trade with China.

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Chapter 20 Section 1 In 1900, the U.S. helped end the Boxer Rebellion in China.

• The Boxers opposed foreigners in China.

• They staged a violent rebellion in 1900.

The U.S. and other powers sent troops to end the rebellion.

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Chapter 20 Section 1

To prevent the other powers from seizing Chinese territory, Secretary Hay issued a second Open Door note.

Open Door Policy

America intended to preserve open trade with other nations.

China should not be broken up into separate pieces.

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Chapter 20 Section 1

Section Review

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