FRENCH ART Brief survey

Many thanks to Dr. P. Schrock for her input.

Copyright, 2011 Dr. Th. Saint Paul Lay out: Elizabeth Logsdon Murray State University

Art and Society reflect each other

• Classified by broad sweeping changes from era to era Detail from Bourges Cathedral:Battle of Roncevaux/

Song of Roland (800 -9 th c)

The Middle Ages

Romanesque (9/10thc-12thc) Vezelay, Autun, Bourges, Conques…

Gothic, Chartres Cathedral, France, 12th C Gothic Notre Dame (Paris)

gargoyles http://ndparis.free.fr/index.html

Notre Dame de Paris,

Rosace

Albi cathedral pillar

Cathar Castle (SW FRANCE)--- Arques

Fortified City of Carcassonne (SW)

The Renaissance

(16th c)

Madonna of the Meadow

Raphael(Italian) 1505

Meaning “rebirth” in French 1400-1600 Italian in origin Stressed forms of classical antiquity (roman/greek) Space based on perspective and everyday details Added religious topics

The northern Renaissance in Flanders BRUEGEL, Pieter the Elder Flemish : painter (b. ca.1525, d. 1569, Brussels The Fall of Icarus

BRUEGEL, Pieter the Elder Children's Games 1559-60

LEONARDO da Vinci (b. 1452, Vinci, d. 1519, Cloux, near Amboise, France) Mona Lisa (La Gioconda)

c. 1503-5

Renaissance architecture :

the Palace of Fontainebleau

Classical mythology Italian artists, who worked for Francois I from 1530 to 1560. • Diana

Huntress

1550-60

The first School of Fontainebleau

introduced Mannerism to France .

Gabrielle d'Estrées and one of her Sisters c. 1595

Jean Goujon the greatest 16th-century French sculptor.

• the Fontaine des Innocents, 1548 • Goujon rejected the Mannerism of the Fontainebleau school • revival of the classical purity of later 5th century Greek art.

Nymph 1548-49 Marble Musée du Louvre, Paris

17 th century: Baroque (classicism) • Violent movement • Strong emotion and dramatic lighting and colors • Examples: N. Poussin, Georges Latour, Louis Le Nain, Hyacinthe Rigaud (Louis XIV)

http://www.chateauversailles.fr/

Nicholas Poussin:

Et in Arcadia Ego'

1637-39-Musée du Louvre, Paris

The Holy Family on the Steps -

Poussin 1648 Inspiration from the Greeks and the Romans

Georges La Tour (1640’s) The New Born Influenced by Italian painter of light and darkness,

Caravaggio

18

th

century: Rococo

• Originated in France • Highly decorated forms • In reaction to the massiveness of the Baroque • Examples: Jean – Antoine Watteau, Jean-Honoré FRAGONARD .

Happy Accidents of the Swing

Fragonard 1767

18th century:

Neoclassicism: The Oath of the Horatii J-L David 1784

Neoclassical painting • Late 18 19 th art th to early centuries • Revived order and harmony of ancient Roman and Greek • Examples: Jacques Louis David

Romanticism

• Late 18 19 th th to mid centuries • Utilized drama and bright colors • Reaction to Neoclassicism • Examples: Eugene Delacroix and Theodore Gericault Delacroix: Liberty Leading the People , 1830

Delacroix: 19th Century The Death of Sardanapalus 1827

19thc Realism:

Courbet, The Stone Breakers, 1849

Impressionism

• Late 19 th century • Focused on transitory, visual impressions • Often painted directly from nature • Emphasis on changing effects of light and color • Examples: Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, Claude Monet, and Auguste Renoir • Salon of the “refused”artists (1874, Paris)

Edouard Manet • Dejeuner sur l’herbe & Olympia 1863

Monet

Nympheas1887

Renoir Le Moulin de la Galette 1876 Villa by the Seaside, 1874 Berthe Morisot

• 1880’s • Developed by Seurat and Signac • Dots that were to mix in the eyes of its viewers • Also called divisionism or neoimpressionism

Pointillism

La Grande Jatte

,

Seurat, 1884-86

Post Impressionism

• Turn of the century • Reaction against Impressionism • Examples: • Paul Cezanne and • Paul Gauguin The Basket of Apples , Cézanne 1895

Van Gogh

Art Nouveau

• MODERN IMAGINATION AND ESTHETICS posters for the theater • Example: Henri de Toulouse – Lautrec • A Mucha ( Sarah Bernhardt )

Sculpture –

Auguste

Rodin

The Thinker/Le Penseur [1881) L ouvre Camille Claudel, L’Age mur (1899-1913) Musée d'Orsay

• Frédéric-Auguste

Bartholdi

• • French Sculptor, 1834 1904 The Statue of Liberty

–Gustave Eiffel

–

The Eiffel Tower (1889)

Art Nouveau: architecture

Subway in Paris by Guimard

Victor Horta, architect House, Belgian, 1861 – 1947 Interior of the Tassel 1893

20

th

century (1900-1950) The School of Paris,

Modernism:

abstraction and color

Avant-Garde until World War II

Fauvism Cubism Abstract ART Dada Surrealism

Post-modernism (After WWII)

Pop Art Op Art Performance Art Neo-Expressionism Environmental Art

Henri MATISSE

http://www.matissepicasso.org/home.asp

Fauvism: Liberation of Color, re interpretation of “reality” Woman with the Hat (1905) Red Interior on Blue Table (1947)

Henri Rousseau: naïve art

Cubism ( leader Picasso: geometrical forms, interpretation of space) Houses at L’Estaque – Georges Braque (1908)

DADA

Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) R eady-made , scandalous art

Surrealism

• 1920’s and 1930’s • Tries to explore the subconcious pictorially • Example: René Magritte (Belgian) The Treachery of Images Magritte 1928

Paul Delvaux (Belgian) 1897-1994 The Village of the Mermaids, 1942 Pygmalion, 1939

Postmodernism

(Post World War II) Jean Helion Nature morte aux pains et salueurs, 1946 Le second Royaume (1983)

Vasarely (1906-1997)—Op Art

Contemporary art.

Jean Tinguely

Homage to Stravinsky

, Paris 1980

Nikki de St Phalle

• 1961, New Realists

Nanas, 1974

Christo

( wrappings) 1985

Modern Architecture—

Pompidou Center (1971-77) PEI (architect) (The Louvre glass pyramid)