Transcript GAP Reform 2014 - Zielony Instytut

The EESC and the
CAP reform 2014
Lutz Ribbe
Warsaw, 2.3.2011
EU Agri commissar MacSharry 1992
• we destroy farms/ jobs and the environment
with the billion we spend
• 20% of farmer receive 80% of all payments
• a need for new objectives:
– to motivate farmers to stay in the sector, to save
the environment, to develop rural areas
– All instruments should be linked to these goals
 result: 5% der Mittel in „flankierende Maßnahmen“
heute: 20% der Bauern erhalten 85% der Zahlungen
Objectives and Instruments of the CAP
• For what or for whom the CAP is created
for?
• Before speaking about instruments, we
should speak about the objectives
• Instuments: not just spending money
 „market stabilization“!!!
EESC: What do we want,
and: what does CAP wants?
Farming
industrial orientation
Main goal: to compete
on the world market
Agri“culture“
multifunctional orientation
to implement the Europ.
agriculture modal
„farming/ cost leadership “
=> traditional CAP
– role of farmer: to produce row material in the most
cheapest way
– become more and more productive
– rationalize, intensification of production
– squeeze out soil, plants, animals …
– … and the farmer himself
– grow or go ( “structural change”)
Food industry is asking: do we need farmer?
aus: Der Spiegel
43/2000
Geplanter „Deltapark“ im Hafen von Rotterdam
Grafik: Der Spiegel (2000)
Bodenerosion auf Ackerstandorten
Keine Daten vorhanden
< 10
10 – 40
40 – 80
80 – 120
120 – 170
> 170
Folgen französischer Viehwirtschaft
„Tödliche Algen“
Die Grünalgen sind zur Plage geworden und müssen aufwändig entsorgt werden. Foto: ap
Biodiversität
• „Die Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik (GAP) ist das
politische Instrument, das sich am stärksten
auf die biologische Vielfalt im ländlichen
Raum auswirkt...“
KOM(2010) 548, S. 5
28
… until 2014
existing CAP will distroy about …
 2 million fulltime jobs EU (15)
 1 to 2 million fulltime jobs in EU (10)
 another 1 to bis 2 million fulltime jobs in Bulgaria and
Romania

Zu diesen Zahlen müssen noch rund 5 Millionen verdeckte Erwerbslose in den
landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben hinzugezählt werden.“
Just some of the negative consequences
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
loss of biodiversity
water pollution
climate questions
animal welfare (mass production  80.000 pigs?)
problems in rural areas
quality of our food (what is quality? EU defintion?)
…..
…..
#2: multifuncional Agri“culture“
Competitiveness by:
– diversification (not just row material)
– more ecological friendly production (“public
goods“)
– higher quality (not only organic farming)
– Regional and local market (Ciolos)
 2nd pillar
Brandenburg
Hohenlohe, Baden-Württemberg
Podlassien, Polen
Narew, Polen
Vogesen, Frankreich
Berechnung Prof. Heissenhuber
250 €/ha
Kosten ausgewählter
Landschaftsbilder
150 €/ha
European Agriculture Modal
• EESC (and many ngo`s) is promoting a “sustainable
agriculture”, which is taking into account…
–
–
–
–
–
environmental questions (biodiv, climate, water, soil, …)
consumer, animal welfare, regional …. interests
social criteria's (within EU and outside!)
millennium goals (hunger/ 3rd world aspects)
countryside and landscape aspects agri”culture”
44
CAP reform beyond 2013
• Communication of the Commission
published 18.11.10
• Ciolos: CAP must become more fair and
more green
EU agriculture budget 2006 (EU25)
Total 54.771,9 Mio. €
Entwicklung des
ländlichen Raumes
20%
SAPARD
1%
Audit der Agrarausgaben
1%
Marktbezogene
Maßnahmen
15%
Direktbeihilfen
63%
two pillar of CAp
1. pillar
Direct payments
market regulations
ca. 40 Mrd €/a
2. pillar:
Rural development
ca. 12 Mrd €/a
1. pillar CAP
Direct payments and market regulations:
– until 1992:
price guarantees
– 1992 – 2003: price compensation
– since 2003:
decoupled payments
– decoupled?
– for what taxpayers money is spend?
Ciolos: a more fair system?
is the existing system unfair?
direct payments per ha EU(27)
direct payments EU (27) 2009
farms
payments
in Mio €
numbers
in %
less than 5.000 €
6.415,210
81,5%
5.791,4 €
14,8%
5.000 - 20.000 €
974.590
12,4%
9.937,2 €
25,4%
20.000 - 100.000 €
447.900
5,7%
17.191,7 €
43,9%
<100.000 €
30.870
0,4%
6.196,6 €
15,8%
Summe
7.868,570
100,0%
39.116,9 €
100,0%
Quelle: EU Finanzstatistik
in %
direct payments in Poland 2006
Farms in Pl
number
Payments in Pl
in %
in Mio €
in %
Less than 1.250 €
1.367.030
93,3%
465,63 €
57,7%
1.250 - 5.000 €
88.140
6,0%
178,43 €
22,1%
5.000 - 20.000 €
7.510
0,5%
67,19 €
8,3%
20.000 - 100.000 €
1.960
0,1%
72,52 €
9,0%
More than 100.000 €
140
0,0%
23,26 €
2,9%
Summe
1.464.970
100,0%
807,02 €
100,0%
Quelle: EU Finanzstatistik
> 20“ = 45.600 €, < 1.250“ = 340 €
direct payments in Germany 2009
Farms in D
Number
payments in D
in %
in Mio €
in %
Less than 5.000 €
179.552
49,7%
279,19 €
4,8%
5.000 - 20.000 €
107.580
29,8%
1.174,88 €
20,4%
20.000 - 100.000 €
67.930
18,8%
2.545,94 €
44,2%
<100.000 €
6.324
1,7%
1.760,88 €
30,6%
Summe
361.386
100,0%
5.760,89 €
100,0%
Quelle: BMELV Finanzstatistik
Direktzahlungen und Einkommen
EU-Direktzahlungen je AK in Haupterwerbsbetrieben
nach Bundesland
BMELV-Testbetriebsnetz 2006/07
30.000 €
26.942 €
24.818 €
25.000 €
€/AK
20.000 €
15.000 €
10.000 €
5.000 €
-
6.979 €
5.148 €
€
BW BY BB HE MV NI NW RP SA ST SL SH TH
2nd pillar of CAP
Rural development
Axis 1:
Investments in farms
Axis 2:
promotion of environment friendly
land-use system
Nature conservation/ Natura 2000 etc.
Achse 3:
rural development
+ LEADER
Anteil der 2. Säule an den EU-Agrarausgaben
(Vollzug 2005)
Agricultural expenditures (total)
EAGGF
Guarantee
(05 04)
EAGGF
Guidance
Total Rural
Development
in %
Austria
1.256,30 €
479,10 €
20,60 €
499,70 €
Belgium
1.042,60 €
56,10 €
8,10 €
64,20 €
6,2%
58,80 €
25,10 €
0,00 €
25,10 €
42,7%
519,40 €
182,00 €
55,60 €
237,60 €
45,7%
1.228,00 €
46,20 €
3,10 €
49,30 €
4,0%
96,00 €
50,40 €
18,60 €
69,00 €
71,9%
6.845,80 €
3.959,50 €
10.805,30 €
20,5%
947,50 €
336,90 €
44,60 €
381,50 €
40,3%
Cyprus
Czec
Denmark
Estonia
EU (25)
Finland
52.628,70 €
39,8%
10.106,00 €
879,50 €
137,10 €
1.016,60 €
10,1%
Germany
7.014,40 €
803,80 €
511,30 €
1.315,10 €
18,7%
Greece
3.275,90 €
157,30 €
521,90 €
679,20 €
20,7%
821,20 €
201,90 €
104,40 €
306,30 €
37,3%
Ireland
1.827,10 €
357,50 €
20,90 €
378,40 €
20,7%
Italy
6.080,10 €
679,80 €
580,40 €
1.260,20 €
20,7%
Latvia
170,50 €
110,00 €
33,00 €
143,00 €
83,9%
Lithuania
France
Hungary
333,00 €
164,10 €
41,80 €
205,90 €
61,8%
Luxemburg
45,40 €
16,00 €
0,40 €
16,40 €
36,1%
Malta
11,30 €
9,00 €
1,40 €
10,40 €
92,0%
Netherlands
1.273,80 €
63,50 €
17,50 €
81,00 €
6,4%
Poland
2.237,20 €
961,00 €
398,20 €
1.359,20 €
60,8%
Portugal
1.232,40 €
178,90 €
341,40 €
520,30 €
42,2%
Slovakia
308,00 €
133,10 €
60,50 €
193,60 €
62,9%
Slovenia
135,20 €
94,40 €
7,90 €
102,30 €
75,7%
Spain
7.341,70 €
533,90 €
935,20 €
1.469,10 €
20,0%
Sweden
UK
981,20 €
4.285,70 €
170,70 €
155,60 €
24,90 €
70,70 €
195,60 €
226,30 €
19,9%
5,3%
Share of Rural Development on all agriculture expenditures in the EU25
(implementation 2005)
Austria
Belgium
Agricultural expenditures
(total)
1.256,30 €
1.042,60 €
Cyprus
Czec
Denmark
Estonia
58,80 €
519,40 €
1.228,00 €
96,00 €
EU (25)
52.628,70 €
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxemburg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
UK
947,50 €
10.106,00 €
7.014,40 €
3.275,90 €
821,20 €
1.827,10 €
6.080,10 €
170,50 €
333,00 €
45,40 €
11,30 €
1.273,80 €
2.237,20 €
1.232,40 €
308,00 €
135,20 €
7.341,70 €
981,20 €
4.285,70 €
EAGGF
Guarantee
(05 04)
479,10 €
EAGGF
Guidance
20,60 €
Total Rural
Development
499,70 €
56,10 €
8,10 €
64,20 €
6,2%
25,10 €
182,00 €
46,20 €
50,40 €
0,00 €
55,60 €
3,10 €
18,60 €
25,10 €
237,60 €
49,30 €
69,00 €
42,7%
45,7%
4,0%
71,9%
6.845,80 €
3.959,50 €
10.805,30 €
20,5%
336,90 €
879,50 €
803,80 €
157,30 €
201,90 €
357,50 €
679,80 €
110,00 €
164,10 €
16,00 €
44,60 €
137,10 €
511,30 €
521,90 €
104,40 €
20,90 €
580,40 €
33,00 €
41,80 €
0,40 €
381,50 €
1.016,60 €
1.315,10 €
679,20 €
306,30 €
378,40 €
1.260,20 €
143,00 €
205,90 €
16,40 €
40,3%
10,1%
18,7%
20,7%
37,3%
20,7%
20,7%
83,9%
61,8%
36,1%
9,00 €
1,40 €
10,40 €
92,0%
63,50 €
961,00 €
178,90 €
133,10 €
94,40 €
533,90 €
170,70 €
155,60 €
17,50 €
398,20 €
341,40 €
60,50 €
7,90 €
935,20 €
24,90 €
70,70 €
81,00 €
1.359,20 €
520,30 €
193,60 €
102,30 €
1.469,10 €
195,60 €
226,30 €
6,4%
60,8%
42,2%
62,9%
75,7%
20,0%
19,9%
5,3%
in %
39,8%
Share of Rural Development on all agriculture expenditures in the EU25
(implementation 2005)
Austria
Belgium
Cyprus
Czec
Denmark
Estonia
EU (25)
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxemburg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
UK
Agricultural expenditures
(total)
1.256,30 €
1.042,60 €
58,80 €
519,40 €
1.228,00 €
96,00 €
52.628,70 €
947,50 €
10.106,00 €
7.014,40 €
3.275,90 €
821,20 €
1.827,10 €
6.080,10 €
170,50 €
333,00 €
45,40 €
11,30 €
1.273,80 €
2.237,20 €
1.232,40 €
308,00 €
135,20 €
7.341,70 €
981,20 €
4.285,70 €
EAGGF
Guarantee
(05 04)
479,10 €
56,10 €
25,10 €
182,00 €
EAGGF
Guidance
20,60 €
8,10 €
0,00 €
55,60 €
Total Rural
Development
499,70 €
64,20 €
25,10 €
237,60 €
46,20 €
50,40 €
6.845,80 €
3,10 €
18,60 €
3.959,50 €
49,30 €
69,00 €
10.805,30 €
4,0%
71,9%
20,5%
336,90 €
879,50 €
803,80 €
157,30 €
201,90 €
357,50 €
679,80 €
110,00 €
164,10 €
16,00 €
9,00 €
63,50 €
961,00 €
178,90 €
133,10 €
94,40 €
533,90 €
170,70 €
155,60 €
44,60 €
137,10 €
511,30 €
521,90 €
104,40 €
20,90 €
580,40 €
33,00 €
41,80 €
0,40 €
1,40 €
17,50 €
398,20 €
341,40 €
60,50 €
7,90 €
935,20 €
24,90 €
70,70 €
381,50 €
1.016,60 €
1.315,10 €
679,20 €
306,30 €
378,40 €
1.260,20 €
143,00 €
205,90 €
16,40 €
10,40 €
81,00 €
1.359,20 €
520,30 €
193,60 €
102,30 €
1.469,10 €
195,60 €
226,30 €
40,3%
10,1%
18,7%
20,7%
37,3%
20,7%
20,7%
83,9%
61,8%
36,1%
92,0%
6,4%
60,8%
42,2%
62,9%
75,7%
20,0%
19,9%
5,3%
in %
39,8%
6,2%
42,7%
45,7%
2. Säule in der EU (27)
• EU Durchschnitt:
 knapp 20% aller EU-Agrarmittel
• in GB, DK, Belgien, Niederlande:
 unter 5% der EU-Agrarmittel
• in Deutschland  21%
• in Österreich, Portugal, Finnland:
 über 40%
• in Estland, Lettland, Slowenien, Malta:
 über 70 %
jeweils zzgl. nationale Kofinanzierung
jobs in rural areas
Müller-Milch in Leppersdorf (Sachsen)
70 Mio € Zuschuss
für die Vernichtung von rund 50 Arbeitsplätzen
64
EESC opinion on CAP reform
1. agreement on objectives/ goals of CAP
2. instruments, when agreement exist
3. CAP is much more than spending money:
–
Milk and concentration of animal production: the `free
market` does not solve all problems
 „Stabilisation of markets; where are the instruments?
4. world market, regional market  rural
development/ 2nd pillar, bottom up
5. a clear „yes“ to direct payments, but: good
legitimation („public money for public
goods“), link to jobs and environment
EESC opinion on CAP reform
6. greening 1st pillar
7. concentration on active farmers
8. capping of payments
9. no historical payments anymore
… neue Wege gehen!