Leadership Styles Governments around the world

Totalitarianism absolute control by a political party - often communist, socialist or fascist ideology all economic activity is controlled by the party Totalitarian governments are often led by a dictator who has complete power. These countries are often also aggressive and racist.

Totalitarianism Totalitarian governments are effective: when a goal must be accomplished in a set time period when all citizens agree to policies/goals set by the leader(s) if the leader abides by the same rules as the citizens

Totalitarianism Totalitarian governments are not effective: if citizens do not agree to the rules/policies set by the leader if the leader does not follow the same rules as the citizens if there is no time limit for a goal

Totalitarianism U.S.S.R. 1922 - Joseph Stalin

Totalitarianism Italy 1922 - Benito Mussolini

Totalitarianism Germany 1933 - Adolf Hitler

Totalitarianism Spain 1936 - Francisco Franco

Totalitarianism North Korea 1948 - Kim Il sung

Totalitarianism China 1949 - Mao Zedong

Totalitarianism Cuba 1959 - Fidel Castro

Autocracy leader has absolute power, and tells others what to do limited discussion on ideas leader can be elected into power decisions may be made by a

monarch

(hereditary leadership) or a

dictator

(non-hereditary leadership) only an

absolute monarchy

has total control.

constitutional monarchies

(Great Britain, Canada) do not, and are not considered autocratic

Autocracy Can a Totalitarian Government have an autocratic leader?

Yes, they can and most often do. Totalitarianism is the presence of total government control, whereas an autocracy indicates the presence of a dictator or a monarch

Autocracy Autocracies are effective: when time is limited in decision making individuals/groups lack skill and knowledge citizens do not get along or are unable to co-operate citizens and government staff do not respond to leadership styles

Autocracy Autocracies are not effective: when developing a strong sense of teamwork is a goal citizens have some degree of skill or knowledge when citizens want their opinion to be heard

Autocratic Leaders King Louis XIV of France reigned for 72 years

Autocratic Leaders Joseph Stalin - U.S.S.R. 30 years in power

Autocratic Leaders Adolf Hitler - Germany 12 years in power

Autocratic Leaders Muammar Gaddafi Libya 32 years in power

Autocratic Leaders Bashar al-Assad - Syria in power since 2000

Oligarchy an oligarchy is similar to an autocratic government except that power rests in a small group rather than one person

Democracy decisions are made by the majority power rests in the body of citizens, and the head of government is not a monarch some democratic countries have a monarch, but still elect a government to make decisions. The monarch has little power. This situation is called a

constitutional monarchy.

Democracy Democratic governments are effective: when there is a high degree of skill and/or motivation among citizens a sense of teamwork exists routines are familiar to citizens

Democracy Democratic governments are not effective: when there is a low degree of skill or knowledge among citizens when a low sense of teamwork/interdependence exists citizens expect to be told what to do

Canada Democracy

Democracy United States of America

Japan Democracy

India Democracy

England Democracy

Laissez-Faire no group leader or system of government a state of social disorder due to lack of government laissez-faire is also known as anarchy

Laissez-Faire Laissez-faire is effective: when time is available group is motivated and/or a sense of team exists members of the group have some degree of skill or knowledge

Laissez-Faire Laissez-faire is not effective: high degree of conflict is present group is unmotivated members of the group have little skill or knowledge

Laissez-Faire Laissez-faire is not effective: high degree of conflict is present group is unmotivated members of the group have little skill or knowledge

Somalia Laissez-Faire

Theocracy leadership by religion

Theocracy Theocracy is effective: when all citizens possess the same understanding of the religion when values/morals/ethics are the same for all citizens

Theocracy Theocracy is not effective: when religious rules are interpreted differently among citizens when values/morals/ethics are different among citizens

Theocracy Vatican City - Pope Benedict XVI

Theocracy Iran - Sayyed Ali Khamenei

Aristocracy decisions made by those considered to be superior through wealth or education people in charge considered “naturally better” or “high born”

Aristocracy Aristocracy is effective: when the aristocracy is interested in the welfare well being of the citizens Aristocracy is not effective: when the aristocracy becomes self-interested and greedy

French Estates System First Estate (Clergy) Bishops - 139 Monks - 25 000 Nuns - 40 000 Lower Clergy - 50 000 Second Estate (Nobility) 350 000 Third Estate (Everyone else) 24 500 000