Transcript Unit 4

L/O/G/O
Unit 4 Health
Text A How to Grow Old?
Bertrand Russell
Unit Four Text A
1
Teaching Aims and Requirement
2
Before Reading
3
Detail Reading
4
After Reading
Teaching Aims and Requirement
02
01
Grasp the
main idea and
structure of
the text.
Master the key
language
points and
grammatical
structure in the
text.
03
Conduct a series
of reading,
listening, speaking
and writing
activities related to
the theme of the
unit
Before Reading
1
Cultural Background
2
Text Organization
3
skimming and scanning
Cultural Background
Bertrand
Russell
Edward
Gibbon
Girton
College,
Cambridge
Bertrand Russell
•
•
•
•
Born: 18 May 1872
Birthplace: Wales
Died: 2 February 1970
Best Known As: Mathematician and philosopher
Famous Quotes from Bertrand Russell
• All human activity is prompted by desire.
• Many people would rather die than think; in fact, most do.
• To fear love is to fear life, and those who fear life are already three
parts dead.
• In all affairs it’s a healthy thing now and then to hang a question
mark on the things you have long taken for granted.
• The whole problem with the world is that fools and fanatics are
always so certain of themselves, but wiser people so full of doubts.
Bertrand Russell
• The British mathematician, philosopher and social reformer Bertrand
Arthur William Russell was born in Wales in 1872. In his long and
complex life, Russell took many roles. After a distinguished
mathematics and philosophy course at Cambridge University, he
was elected to a fellowship. His major early work was The Principles
of Mathematics, first published in 1903. During the First World War
Russell’s pacifist activities resulted in the loss of his fellowship and
his vocal protests against the War led to a brief jail sentence in 1918.
In 1938 he took an academic post in America and stayed there for
most of the Second World War. His book named A History of
Western Philosophy sold well in 1940s and removed his financial
troubles. He was given the Nobel Prize for literature in 1950. From
1954 onwards he became an outspoken advocate of nuclear
disarmament. He died in 1970.
Edward Gibbon (1737–1794)
• British politician and historian
• Edward Gibbon (1737–1794) is a British politician and
historian, author of The History of the Decline and Fall of
the Roman Empire. Educated at the University of Oxford
and in Switzerland, Gibbon wrote his early works in
French. In London he became a member of Samuel
Johnson’s brilliant intellectual circle. On a trip to Rome
he was inspired to write the history of the city. His
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 6 vol., is a
continuous narrative from the 2nd century AD to the fall
of Constantinople in 1453. Though Gibbon’s conclusions
have been modified by later scholars, his historical
perspective and superb literary style have given his work
its lasting reputation as one of the greatest historical
works.
Girton College, Cambridge
• University of Cambridge is one of the world’s oldest and
most prestigious universities. It was established in 1209
and located in Cambridge, England. Cambridge has
more than 100 academic departments and several
world-class research centers that have produced more
than 80 Nobel Prize winners. The university is home to
more than 16,000 students enrolled in some 30 colleges,
each of which acts as an independent institution.
Teaching responsibilities are shared between the
colleges and university departments. And degrees are
awarded by the university. Cambridge University is well
known for its motto, “From this place, we gain
enlightenment and precious knowledge.” Its alumni have
included such prominent notables as Sir Isaac Newton,
Charles Darwin, and Stephen Hawking.
Text Organization
Parts Para.
1
2
3
4
1
Main Ideas
The hereditary factor: From one’s ancestors
one can acquire the right genes as well as
guidance on how best to remain young.
2
The health factor: Russell has little to say on
this, other than admitting that his lifestyle is
mostly wholesome.
3~4
The psychological factor: We should guard
against the danger of undue absorption in
the past and that of clinging to youth in the
hope of sucking vigour from its vitality.
5~6
The broader interests factor: Strong
impersonal interests may ensure us an easy
and successful old age and the best way to
overcome the fear of death is to make our
interests wider and more impersonal until
our life becomes merged in the universal life.
skimming and scanning
• 1. What do you usually do to keep fit?
• 2. What do you think are the criteria of
being healthy?
• 3. If you had to choose between wealth
and health, which would you prefer? Why?
Detail Reading
• How to Grow Old?
• Bertrand Russell
In spite of the title, this article will really be on how not
to grow old, which, at my time of life, is a much more
important subject. My first advice would be to choose
your ancestors carefully. Although both my parents died
young, I have done well in this respect as regards my
other ancestors. My maternal grandfather, it is true, was
cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven,
but my other three grandparents all lived to be over
eighty. Of remoter ancestors I can only discover one who
did not live to a great age, and he died of a disease
which is now rare, namely, having his head cut off.
A great grandmother of mine, who was a friend of Gibbon,
lived to the age of ninety-two, and to her last day remained
a terror to all her descendants. My maternal grandmother,
after having nine children who survived, one who died in
infancy, and many miscarriages, as soon as she became a
widow, devoted herself to women’s higher education. She
was one of the founders of Girton College, and worked
hard at opening the medical profession to women. She
used to relate how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman
who was looking very sad. She inquired the cause of his
melancholy and he said that he had just parted from his two
grandchildren. “Good gracious”, she exclaimed, “I have
seventy-two grandchildren, and if I were sad each time I
parted from one of them, I should have a dismal existence!”
• “Madre snaturale,” he replied. But speaking as one of the
seventy-two, I prefer her recipe. After the age of eighty
she found she had some difficulty in getting to sleep, so
she habitually spent the hours from midnight to 3 a.m. in
reading popular science. I do not believe that she ever
had time to notice that she was growing old. This, I think,
is the proper recipe for remaining young. If you have
wide and keen interests and activities in which you can
still be effective, you will have no reason to think about
the merely statistical fact of the number of years you
have already lived, still less of the probable brevity of
your future. ”
As regards health I have nothing useful to say since I have
little experience of illness. I eat and drink whatever I like, and
sleep when I cannot keep awake.
I never do anything
whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in
actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.
Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded
against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the
past.
It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the
good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead.
One’s thoughts must be directed to the future and to things
about which there is something to be done. This is not always
easy: one’s own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is
easy to think to oneself that one’s emotions used to be more
vivid than they are, and one’s mind more keen. If this is true
it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not
be true.
The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of
sucking vigour from its vitality. When your children are grown up
they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as
interested in them as you were when they were young, you are
likely to become a burden to them. Animals become indifferent to
their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but
human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult.
It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes,
both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes
are an essential part of education.
But if you are one of those
who are incapable of impersonal interests, you may find that your
life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children
and grandchildren. In that case you must realize that while you
can still render them material services, such as making them an
allowance or knitting them jumpers, you must not expect that
they will enjoy your company.
•
Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death.
In the young there is a justification for this feeling.
Young men who have reason to fear that they will be
killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought
that they have been cheated of the best things that life
has to offer. But in an old man who has known human
joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it
was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat ignoble.
The best way to overcome it — so at least it seems to
me — is to make your interests gradually wider and
more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego
recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in
the universal life. An individual human existence should
be like a river — small at first, narrowly contained within
its banks,
and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls.
Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the
waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any
visible break, they become merged in the sea, and
painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in
old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from
the fear of death, since the things he cares for will
continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness
increases, the thought of rest will not be unwelcome. I
should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others
will carry on what I can no longer do and content in the
thought that what was possible has been done.
Sentence 1
• Although both my parents died young, I have
done well in this respect as regards my other
ancestors.
• (1) What does “in this respect” refer to?
•
(=It refers to choosing one’s ancestors
carefully. It is naturally humorous of Russell to
say he has done well in choosing his ancestors
because in reality no one can choose his or her
own ancestors. )
•
(2) Translate this sentence
•
(=虽然我的父母皆属早逝，但是考虑到我其
他的祖先，我的选择尚好。)
Sentence 2
• 2. A great grandmother of mine, who was a
friend of Gibbon, lived to the age of ninety-two,
and to her last day remained a terror to all her
descendants.
•
Why did the author’s great grandmother
remain a “terror” to all her descendants?
•
(=She was in such good health that she
was held in awe by her children and
grandchildren right up until the day of her death.)
Sentence 3
• 3. If you have wide and keen interests and
activities in which you can still be effective, you
will have no reason to think about the merely
statistical fact of the number of years you have
already lived, still less of the probable brevity of
your future.
•
What does the author suggest in this
sentence?
•
(=He suggests that you should cultivate
wide and keen interests and do activities in
which you can be effective.)
Sentence 4
• 4. I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is
good for health, though in actual fact the things I like
doing are mostly wholesome.
•
Do you think the author would do things harmful to
his health？What is the implied meaning of this sentence?
• (=The author would be unlikely to do anything that is
harmful to his health.)
•
What can we infer from this sentence?
•
(=When he does something, he never bothers
about whether it does any good to his health, but in
reality, the things he likes to do are mostly good for his
health.)
Sentence 5
• 5. It does not do to live in memories, in
regrets for the good old days, or in
• sadness about friends who are dead.
•
What do we learn from this sentence?
•
(=Undue absorption in the past does
not benefit one at all.)
Sentence 6
• 6. It is easy to think to oneself that one’s
emotions used to be more vivid than they are,
and one’s mind more keen.
•
(1) Paraphrase this sentence
•
(=People tend to believe their emotions
used to be more active and their minds used to
be quicker than it is now.)
•
(2) Translate this sentence
•
(=人们很容易以为过去的情感比现在强烈，
过去的头脑也比现在敏锐。)
Sentence 7
• 7. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is
forgotten it will probably not be true.
•
What is the implied meaning of this
sentence?
• (=In this paradox the author intends to say that
people of old age should not live in memories.
They should try to think of what is coming in the
future and do something meaningful. Only in this
way will their mind and emotions remain as keen
and active as they used to be. )
Sentence 8
• 8. But if you are one of those who are
incapable of impersonal interests, you may
find that your life will be empty unless you
concern yourself with your children and
grandchildren.
•
Translate this sentence
•
(=但是，如果你的兴趣无法摆脱个人感
情的支配，你也许会发现，假如不关注子
孙，生活就会空虚无望。)
Sentence 9
• 9. Young men who have reason to fear that they
will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in
the thought that they have been cheated of the
best things that life has to offer.
•
Why does the author say young men have
reason to fear death?
•
(=Because it would be a great pity if their
lives have been cut short unjustly before they
have had a chance to enjoy all the best things
that life has to offer. )
Sentence 10
• 10. The best way to overcome it—so at least it
seems to me—is to make your interests
gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by
bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life
becomes increasingly merged in the universal
life.
• Paraphrase this sentence
• (=As your interests gradually get wider and more
impersonal, the sense of your value and
importance as an individual gradually
disappears and you will identify yourself more
and more with human life in general. )
respect: n.
• a particular point or detail
• Grace was a fine woman—perfect in almost every respect.
• APEC has made a very commendable attempt in this respect.
•
(=Is China going to continue its measures in this
respect for further improvement?)
•
在这方面中国可与任何国家竞争。
•
(=China can compete with any other country in this respect.)
•
Collocations:
•
in this respect
在这个方面
•
in every respect
在各个方面
•
in some respects 在有些方面
•
in any respect
在任何方面
•
in no respect
绝不
as regards:
• on the subject of; concerning
•
*All citizens are equal as regards their
capacity for civil rights.
•
*Could you elaborate on your government
policy as regards environmental protection?
•
(=As regards vegetables for the large cities,
there is a big contradiction between supply and
demand at present.)
•
*至于应该穿什么衣服, 并没有硬性规定。
• (=There are no special rules as regards what
clothes you should wear.)
cut off:
•
•
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
(1) to cause sb. to die sooner than is normal
(2) to remove sth. (from sth. larger) by cutting
(3) to stop, interrupt or isolate
(4) to separate sth. by cutting it away from the main part
(Directions:) Match the above definitions with the
sentences below.
(1) We were cut off half way through the conversation.
(=3)
(2) He cut off a metre of cloth from the roll. (=2)
(3) Disease cut Smith off in the best part of his life. (=1)
(4) Several villages have been cut off by the snow. (=3)
(5) Don’t cut your fingers off! (=4)
inquire: v.
• to ask for information
• *She inquired of me most politely whether I wished to
continue.
• *I will inquire (of him) about the schedule.
•
*Learn widely, inquire earnestly, and reflect on what
is at hand.
•
(=博学,切问,近思。)
•
•
Collocations:
•
inquire about
查问; 查明
•
inquire after
问候;问安
•
inquire for
查询（货物）; 求见
•
inquire into
查究;调查
inquire: v.
• CF: ask, demand, inquire & question
•
这些动词均含有“问，询问”之意。
•
ask最为普通，可与demand, inquire和question换用，
但ask用于口语中，指提出问题让人回答。例如：I think
I’d better ask him who he is.
•
demand指根据自己的权利、职责或身份认为有必要
弄清情况而正式发问，常隐含命令对方回答的意味。例如：
The police demanded his name and address.
•
inquire比较正式，指为得到真实情况而详细询问或调
查了解。例如：They inquired whether he would attend
the meeting.
•
question指因感到可疑或为了解情况，弄清究竟而发
问，有时指一连串的发问。例如：She questioned him
about his past.
part: v.
•
•
•
•
to separate or divide
*The policemen parted the crowd.
*She has parted from her husband.
*如果我们必须分手，我希望我们分了手还是朋
友。
• (=If we must part, I hope we can be friends.)
• *The clouds parted and the sun shone through.
• (=云开日出。)
exclaim: v.
• to cry out suddenly and loudly for pain, anger,
•
surprise, etc.
•
*He exclaimed that it was untrue.
•
*She exclaimed with delight when she saw the present.
•
(=He could not help exclaiming at how much his son has
grown.)
•
CF: cry, shout, exclaim & scream
•
这些动词的均有“喊”、“叫”之意。
•
cry 一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。
•
shout 指有意识地高声喊叫，常用于提出警告、不满、发命令或
唤起注意等。
•
exclaim 多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。
•
scream 指因恐惧、快乐或痛苦而发出尖叫声。
exclaim: v.
• (Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words
above. Change the form where
•
necessary.
• (1) She was _______ hysterically. (=screaming)
• (2) The police _______ out a warning. (=shouted)
• (3) A baby can
as soon as it is born. (=cry)
• (4) The newspaper _______ against the
government’s action. (=exclaimed)
• (5) The crowd slogans and threw stones at the
police. (=shouted)
keen: adj.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
(1) sharp, active, sensitive
*Dogs have a keen sense of smell.
*He bought a knife with a keen blade.
(2) intense, strong, deep
*He has a keen interest in his work.
*退休后，他有一种强烈的失落感。
(=After retirement, he had a keen sense of loss.)
(3) eager, enthusiastic
*She was not very keen on football.
(=After he had dreamed his birthplace many times, he
was very keen to go back.)
keen: adj.
• CF: sharp, acute & keen
•
这些形容词均有“锐利的”、“敏锐的”、“机敏的”
之意。
•
sharp指思路、视觉、听觉等方面的灵敏、敏锐。例
如：It’s very sharp of you to have answered such a
question. 你真够机敏的，能回答这个问题。
•
acute指五官、感觉、心智等方面的敏锐、深刻，一
般可与sharp换用。例如：Rabbits have an acute sense
of hearing. 兔子有敏锐的听觉。
•
keen和sharp, acute一样，都可表示心智、感觉等方
面的敏锐。例如：The old man has a keen sight. 这个老
人目光锐利。
on the grounds that …:
• for the reason that …
• *I had to retire on the grounds that I was ill.
•
*Her claims were disallowed on the grounds
that she had not paid her premium.
• *他没有因犯罪而受到严厉惩罚，主要是因为他
年纪小。
•
(=He was not severely punished for his
crime on the grounds that he was young.)
guard against:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
to prevent sth. from happening
* In these circumstances he must guard against
pessimism.
* We should take measures to guard against accidents.
*暗箭难防。
(=Hidden arrows are difficult to guard against. )
(=Her way to guard against being attacked is never
to go out alone at night. )
Collocations:
guard against disease
预防疾病
guard against bad habits
杜绝陋习
guard against suspicion
避免嫌疑
undue:
• adj. more than is reasonable, suitable or
necessary
•
*Many schools place undue emphasis on
the proportion of students entering schools of a
higher level.
•
*He tried to exercise an undue influence
upon his colleagues.
•
(=Mr. Smith pays undue attention to book
learning and formal rules.)
• *不要过急地处理那个问题。
• (=Don't treat the matter with undue haste.)
cling:
• vi. to hold tightly; refuse to give up
•
*Small children cling to their mothers.
•
*As a people the Chinese cling strongly to
tradition.
• *她坚定地抱着获救的希望。
•
(=She clung to the hope of being rescued.)
• *Cling to life and be scared of death.
• (=贪生怕死。)
•
Pattern:
•
cling to …
suck: v.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
(1) to draw (liquid or air, etc.) into the mouth by using the lip muscles
* Bees suck honey from flowers.
*The old man was sucking at his pipe.
*蚊子会吸我们的血。更糟的是，它会把毒注入我们的体内。
(=The mosquito will suck our blood. What's even worse, it will inject
poison into our bodies.)
*Do not teach your grandmother to suck eggs.
(=用不着教你的祖母如何吸食鸡蛋。/不要班门弄斧。
(2) to absorb
*Plants suck up moisture from the soil
*The cleverest students can suck up as much knowledge as
teachers can give them.
(3) to pull sb. or sth. with great power and force it into or out of a particular
place
*He was sucked into a life of crime.
*I don’t want to get sucked into the conflict.
indifferent: adj.
• (1) not caring about or noticing; not interested in
•
*How can you be indifferent to the sufferings of
starving people?
•
*It is quite indifferent to me whether you go or stay.
•
*探险家们将征途上的危险置之度外。
•
(=The explorers were indifferent to dangers of the
expedition.)
•
(2) not particularly good; mediocre; fairly bad
•
*an indifferent book (=质量较差的一本书)
•
*an indifferent cook (=手艺平平的厨师)
•
Pattern:
•
be indifferent to/towards
render: vt.
• (1) to give, present or offer
•
*We call on you to render assistance.
•
*Many companies come to the customer's house to render
service.
•
*Render good for evil.
•
(=以德报怨。)
•
(2) to cause to be in a particular condition
•
*He was rendered helpless by the accident.
•
*“Trips to China's five great mountains render trips to other
mountains unnecessary, and a trip to Huangshan renders the trip to
the five great mountains unnecessary.”
•
*他身体肥胖到摸不到自己的脚趾。
•
(=His fatness renders him unable to touch his toe.)
oppress: vt.
• (1) to rule unjustly or cruelly
•
*Women are often oppressed by men in the
past.
•
(=The rich oppress the masses by their
control of the political systems.)
•
(2) to cause sb. to feel worried,
uncomfortable
•
*The heat oppressed him and made him ill.
•
*战争的威胁使我们忧心忡忡。
• (=The threat of war oppressed us all.)
cheat: v.
• (1) to deceive or trick
•
*They were caught cheating in the exam.
•
*The company cheated taxman in order to get more profits.
•
*考试作弊是不道德的。
•
(=It's immoral to cheat in a test.)
•
(2) to take sth. from (sb.) deceitfully
•
*He was cheated (out) of his rightful heritage.
•
*They were cheated of victory.
•
(=他们的胜利之果被别人骗走了。)
•
Pattern:
•
cheat sb. (out) of sth.
•
N.B. 注意该词的词性变化，它的名词为：cheat 。
cheat: v.
• CF: cheat, deceive, trick & fool
•
这些动词均含有“欺骗”之意。
•
cheat较为普通，指用蒙蔽他人的手段取得所需之物，尤多指在
赢利的买卖中骗人。例如：
•
*He cheated the old woman out of her money. 他骗了老妇人的
钱。
•
deceive指用虚假外表使人信以为真，或蓄意歪曲事实，或造成
错误印象使人上当受骗。例如：
•
*We were deceived into believing he could help us. 我们受骗了，
还以为他会帮助我们。
•
trick指用阴谋诡计等骗得信任或得到所需之物。例如：
•
*She tricked me into admitting responsibility. 她哄骗我承担责任。
•
fool指把某人当傻瓜，愚弄欺骗某人。例如：
•
*Don’t fool me again. 别又把我当傻瓜。
achieve: vt.
• (1) to complete or accomplish; to get (sth.) done
•
*I’ve achieved only half of what I hoped to do.
•
*We were all exhausted, but felt we had achieved a lot.
•
(=You will never achieve anything if you don’t work harder.)
•
(2) to gain or reach by effort
•
*By the age of 25 he had achieved his ambition of becoming
the world champion in figure skating.
•
*As a result of advertising, we’ve achieved a big increase in
sales this year.
•
*想一切都成的人必将一事无成。
•
(=One who wants to achieve everything will achieve nothing.)
achieve: vt.
• CF: accomplish, achieve, fulfill & complete
•
这些动词均含有“完成”之意。
• accomplish指成功地完成了规定的工作、计划、
任务等，侧重强调达到预期
•
目的的整个过程。
•
achieve指通过持续的努力而完成或实现，特
别强调由于非常努力，克服困难后达到目的。
•
fulfill指达到预定的目标，如计划的完成、职责
的履行、诺言的实现、任务的完成等。
•
complete指完成一件指派或预定的任务，或
完善、完整未完成的部分。
overcome: vt.
• (1) to successfully control a feeling or a problem that prevents you
from achieving sth.; to defeat
•
*I managed to overcome my fear of darkness.
•
*他抵制了再次吸食毒品的强烈诱惑。
•
(=He overcame a strong temptation to take drugs again.)
•
(2) of smoke or gas makes sb. sick or unconscious
•
*He was sent to hospital after he was overcome by gas fumes.
•
Collocations:
•
be overcome by fatigue
筋疲力尽
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be overcome by grief
悲伤过度
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be overcome by emotion
不胜感触
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be overcome by liquor
醉酒
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be overcome by fumes
被烟薰倒
recede:
• vi. to move back or away
• *She could see the lights of the ship
receding on the horizon.
• *The sense of duty dominates all else,
and personal claims recede.
• *潮起潮落。
•
(=The tides advance; the tides recede.)
• (=We reached the open sea and the
coast receded into the distance.)
merge: v.
• (1) to combine; to join things together to form one thing
•
*We have decided to merge these small firms into one large
company.
•
*Where does this stream merge into the Rhine?
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*这家银行和其主要对手合并了。
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(=The bank merged with its major rival.)
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*A hundred rivers may merge in one.
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(=百川汇宗。)
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(2) to fade or change gradually
•
*Twilight merged into darkness.
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*One end is blue, one end red and the colors merge in the middle.
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*The water and the sky merge in one color.
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(=水天一色。)
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(=His fear gradually merged into curiosity to know what was
happening.)
carry on:
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(1) to continue (doing sth.)
(2) to conduct or take part in
(3) to manage
(4) to flirt with or have a love affair with
(Directions:) Match the above definitions with the sentences below.
(1) It’s difficult to carry on a conversation at a noisy party. (=2)
(2) We carried on with our discussion. (=1)
(3) Rising costs made it hard to carry on the business. (=3)
(4) They decided to carry on in spite of the bad weather. (=1)
(5) She was carrying on with his boss. (=4)
After Reading
A
B
Useful
Writing
Expressions
Practice
C
Proverbs
and
Quotations
Useful Expressions
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1. 关于；有关
2. 使夭折；切断
3. 风华正茂
4. 处于婴幼儿时期；处于初期阶段
5. 科普读物
6. 保持年轻的秘诀
7. 以 ……为理由
8. 防止，防范；警惕
9. 依恋
10. 怀着……的希望
as regards
cut off
in the flower of one’s youth
in infancy
popular science
recipe for remaining young
on the grounds that …
guard against
cling to
in the hope of
Useful Expressions
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11. 漠视；不予关注
12. 由于；因为
13. 担心；挂念
14. 提供物质援助
15. 因……而烦恼
16. 融入
17. 人类生活
18. 独立个体
19. 生命力衰竭
20. 继续（做某事）
become/be indifferent to
owing to
concern oneself with
render material services
be oppressed by
become/be merged in
universal life
individual being
decay of vitality
carry on (doing sth.)
Writing Practice
• Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to
write a composition on the topic How to Keep
Psychologically Healthy? You should write at least 120
words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
How to Keep Psychologically Healthy?
• Outline:
• 1. 心理健康问题往往是导致疾病的原因
• 2. 分析人们产生心理健康问题的原因（可从失业、压力过
重、缺少支持、缺乏人际关系等方面加以分析）
• 3. 你认为人们该如何保持心理健康
Sample
•
One in four people will experience some kind of
mental health problem in the course of a year. When you
fail to control these problems, they are likely to cause
various mental illnesses and, as a result of physiological
imbalance, physical illnesses. You may not be able to
live a normal life, let alone a fulfilling one.
•
The causes of mental health problems often vary a lot
from one case to another. In today’s society, a good
number of people are suffering from heavy pressure.
Others are lacking in communication skills and feel they
are living in an isolated world. In addition, a lot of people
are ignorant of psychological knowledge about how to
keep mentally fit.
There are a lot of ways to curb mental health problems
and keep psychologically healthy. Firstly, find the real
cause of your mental health problem and see whether
you can do something to make a change. Secondly,
learn to relax yourself and take exercise to release the
pressure. After all, your health is what counts most.
Lastly, you may find it helpful to talk to your partner, a
relative or a friend about your problems, or seek support
and advice from a psychological consultant.
Proverbs and Quotations
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1. A good healthy body is worth more a crown in gold.
健康的身体贵于黄金铸成的皇冠。
2. Care brings grey hair.
忧虑催人老。
3. Dying is as natural as living.
死亡与生存一样自然。
4. A little labor, much health.
适量劳动于健身大有益。
5. The pain of the mind is worse than the pain of the body.
—Publius Syrus, Syrian Latin writer
心理疾病比身体疾病更糟。
——叙利亚拉丁语作家 普布利柳斯·西拉斯
• 6. To mourn a mischief that is past and gone is the next way to draw
new mischief on.
•
—William Shakespeare, British dramatist
•
为了一去不复返的灾祸而悲伤将会招致新的灾祸。
•
——英国剧作家 威廉·莎士比亚
• 7. What's the use of worrying
•
It never was worthwhile
•
So, pack up your troubles in your old kit-bag
• And smile, smile, smile
•
—George Asaf, British poet
•
担忧又有什么用
•
不值得为它浪费时间
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把烦恼塞进行囊去
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让微笑永远充满你的心田
•
——英国诗人 乔治·阿萨夫
L/O/G/O
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