CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

The Philosophers  Seyyed Hossein Nasr  Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas

Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas DEWESTERNIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE

What do we know? (al-Attas)  Dynamic Sensible realities: Material or physical entities  Existence ( Mawjud) = Khalq al-jadid  Static Intelligible realities (Ma’qulat): Conceptual entities  Essence (Mahiyyah)  Particular reality (Mawjud)  Matter (Maddiyah)  Form (Suriyah)  Universal concept (Wujud)  Absolute Being: Wajib al-Wujud

What do we know? (al-Attas)    Non Manifested Existence  The Absolute Being  The Divine Oneness Manifested Conceptual Existence  Divine Unity  The Name & Atributes  Permanent Archetypes Mnifested Physical Existence  Exterior Achetypes  World of Empirical things

How do we know? (al-Attas)   Senses  External senses:  Internal senses:  Common sense  Representation  Estimation  Imagination Intellect  Active intellect: practical reason  Cognitive intellect: theoretical reason

Why do we know? (al-Attas)   To attain happiness Happiness (sa’adah)  In this world (dunyawiyyah)  Self (nafsiyah)  Body (badaniyyah)  External things (karijiyyah)  In Hereafter (ukhrawiyah)

Seyyed Hossein Nasr ISLAMIC SCIENCE

What do we know? (Nasr)     God: the Ultimate Self Reality The Eternal Order The Human Self-awareness The Ordered Nature    Sanatana Dharma Philosophia Priscorium Al-Hikmat al-Khalidah

How do we know?

   work  love  knowledge karma marga  bhakti marga  jnana marga al-makhafah  al-mahabbah  al-ma’rifah   hylikoi  psychoi  pneumatikoi muslim  mu’min  muhsin

Why do we know?

To attain  Material happiness:  Being in peace and harmony with nature as the manifestation of Divine Majesty and Beauty  Spiritual happiness:  return to the Divine Origin

Conclusion  Naquib al-Attas wants to islamize science by changing the materialistic paradigm with the traditional integrated metaphysics of Islam  Hossein Nasr wants to integrate modern science into the traditional sacred science  Both philosophers return the traditional hierarchy into the modern concept of reality